PFC: Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, JINA

核天体物理联合研究所(JINA)处理与恒星和爆炸性核合成过程有关的核天体物理学中的关键问题。JINA最初五年的资金促进了不同科学界在核物理、天体物理和天文学界面上交流与合作的新途径的发展，从而增强了作为天体物理和宇宙化学现象引擎的核物理的发现潜力。在第二个资助期内，JINA试图在其独特的跨学科环境中解决核天体物理学中尚未解决的或新的问题。科学重点已经转移，反映了该领域过去的成就和快速发展，包括核合成和银河系化学演化、新星和Ia型超新星以及中子星物理。JINA将通过吸引专家和专门知识来协调努力，以(1)超越单独研究单个核合成反应和过程的传统方法，在银河系化学演化的整个概念中考虑它们，(2)考虑在从慢吸积率(Ia型)到快速吸积率(新星)的整个吸积率范围内吸积双星白矮星系统，以及(3)在整个过程中跟踪吸积中子星上物质的命运，将结果转化为天文学家可观测的信号。作为一个中心，JINA将能够通过共享开发或使用新设备或技术的专业知识和人力，在技术和计算开发方面利用新的协同效应。通过参与斯隆数字巡天计划SDSS-II和其他观测计划，JINA处于关键地位，可以参与和影响未来与该领域相关的主要观测计划。此外，JINA将利用一系列理论和建模专业知识来解决与所有三项主要研究活动相关的具体问题，从而加强核物理和天体物理观测之间的联系。JINA为学生、博士后和年轻教师创造了一个独特的教育环境，并为接触K-12学生和普通公众创造了新的方式和机会，并将在过去成功的基础上再接再厉。物理和济纳的概念吸引了所有参与院校的大量应届研究生。吉娜投入了相当大的精力来开发一个广泛的外展项目，以激发从小学到大学的学生的科学兴趣。这包括“从艺术到科学”，这是一个旨在激发小学生对科学的兴趣的项目。PAN和PIXE-PAN项目在让高中生和教师接触核天体物理研究方面非常成功，并将得到进一步发展。JINA还已成为全世界核天体物理界的一个论坛，并将继续在制定目标、促进优先事项的讨论和跨领域的信息交流以及形成跨学科合作以解决众多科学问题方面发挥重要作用。

The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) addresses critical questions in nuclear astrophysics associated with stellar and explosive nucleosynthesis processes. The initial five years of funding for JINA catalyzed the development of new avenues for communication and collaboration between different science communities at the interface of nuclear physics, astrophysics, and astronomy, thus enhancing the discovery potential in nuclear physics as the engine of astrophysical and cosmo-chemical phenomena. Within this second funding period JINA seeks to address unsolved or new questions in nuclear astrophysics within its unique interdisciplinary environment. The scientific focus has shifted, reflecting past achievements and rapid developments in the field, covering nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution, novae and type Ia supernovae, and the physics of neutron stars. JINA will coordinate the efforts through attracting experts and expertise to (1) move beyond the traditional approach of studying separately singular nucleosynthesis reactions and processes by considering them in the whole concept of Galactic chemical evolution, (2) consider accreting binary white dwarf systems over the entire range of accretion rates from slow (type Ia) to fast accretion (novae), and (3) follow the fate of matter on accreting neutron stars through the entire process, translating the results into observable signatures for the astronomer. As a center, JINA will be able to take advantage of new synergies in technical and computational developments by sharing expertise and manpower for developing or using new equipment or techniques. Through its involvement in Sloan Digital Sky Survey program SDSS-II and other observational programs JINA is in a key position to participate and influence future major observational programs of relevance for the field. In addition, JINA will draw on a range of theory and modeling expertise to address the specific problems of relevance for all three major research activities, thus enhancing connections between nuclear physics and astrophysical observations. JINA has created a unique educational environment for students, postdocs, and young faculty, and generated new ways and opportunities for outreach to K-12 students and to the general public and will build upon this past success. The physics and the concept of JINA have attracted a large number of new graduate students at all participating institutions. JINA has invested considerable effort in developing a broad outreach program that triggers scientific interests in students from elementary school to college level. This includes "From Art to Science", a program which seeks to inspire interest in science in elementary school children. The PAN and PIXE-PAN programs are very successful in exposing high school students and teachers to nuclear astrophysics research and will be further developed. JINA also has emerged as a forum for the entire nuclear astrophysics community worldwide and will continue to play an important role in setting goals, facilitating the discussion of priorities and information exchange across field boundaries, and forming interdisciplinary collaborations to address the multitude of scientific questions.