University Research Parks and the Innovative Performance of Park Firms

摘要：该项目为评估位于美国大学研究园区(URP)的公司的创新绩效开发了一种方法，并在统计上实施了一种数据收集和评估过程。评估阶段的结果向公共和私营部门通报了在URP上开展的科学和工程(S和E)活动的区位投资情况。近半个世纪以来，URP一直是我们国家创新体系的重要组成部分，2007年在国会提出了《建设更强大的美国法案》(S.第1373)，其前提是鼓励形成新的园区和扩大现有园区，以通过高技术活动促进创新集群，这符合国家的最佳利益。令人惊讶的是，对科学/研究园区，特别是URP的研究很少。而且，还没有对位于美国园区的公司实现的创新好处进行研究。该项目拓宽了我们对URP作为我们国家创新系统的组成部分的理解；开发了一种评估工具，用于评估企业因位于园区而实现的创新收益；收集相关数据以实施这一方法，并提供基于经验的关于园区内研究协同效应实现的创新收益的陈述；并提供关于URP组织结构的前瞻性陈述，这将最有助于增强新建或扩建园区的园区公司之间的研究协同效应。BROADER影响：本研究的主要智力输出是对园区内公司相对于不位于园区的可比公司的创新绩效和研究成果的评估。因此，该项目的更广泛影响包括，从国家角度来看，制定以园区为基础的科学指标和政策处方，通过园区建设和园区增长，促进以大学为导向的S电子公司的经济发展。而且，从私营部门的角度来看，这个项目为公司S&安永的投资提供了区位考虑，从而提高了未来的研究效率。该项目产生的科学指标为考虑专门与公园相关的新创新指标提供了参考。该项目的政策规定不仅为国会审议《建设更强大的美国法案》提供了参考，也为未来州和地区S建设和/或扩建现有UPR的投资考虑提供了参考。

ABSTRACT: This project develops a methodology and statistically implements a data collection and evaluation process for assessing the innovative performance of firms located on U.S. university research parks (URPs). The results from the assessment phase inform the public and private sector about locational investments in science and engineering (S&E) activities occurring on URPs. URPs have been an important element of our national innovation system for nearly half a century, and in 2007 the "Building a Stronger America Act" (S. 1373) was introduced in Congress under the stated premise that it is in the best interests of the Nation to encourage the formation of new parks and the expansion of existing parks in order to promote the clustering of innovation through high technology activities. Surprisingly, very little research has been undertaken on science/research parks, in general, or URPs, in particular. And, no research has been undertaken on the innovation benefits realized by firms that locate on U.S. parks. This project broadens our understanding of URPs as a component of our national innovation system; develops an assessment tool for assessing the innovation benefits realized by firms as a result of locating on a park; collects relevant data to implement this methodology and offers empirically-based statements on realized innovation benefits from on-park research synergies; and offers prospective statements about the organizational structure of URPs that will be most conducive to enhancing the research synergies among park firms on new or expanded parks.BROADER IMPACTS: The main intellectual outputs from this research are an assessment of the innovative performance of, and research outputs from, on-park firms relative to comparable firms that are not located on a park. As such, this project's broader impacts include, from a national perspective, the development of park-based science metrics and policy prescriptions to enhance university-driven S&E-based economic development through park formations and park growth. And, from a private-sector perspective, this project informs the locational consideration, and hence future research efficiency, of firms' S&E investments. The project's resulting science metrics inform the consideration of new innovation indicators specifically related to parks. The project's policy prescriptions inform not only Congressional deliberations related to the "Building a Stronger America Act" but also future state and regional S&E investment considerations for building new UPRs and/or expanding existing ones.