Chemical Determinations of Ion Specific Effects on Association Colloid Morphologies, Peptide Topologies at Interfaces, and Reactivity and Component Distributions in Emulsions

国家科学基金会化学部的有机和高分子化学项目支持新泽西州新不伦瑞克的罗格斯大学的劳伦斯·S·隆斯特德教授。他建议做三个项目，将伪相模型的逻辑与他的重氮芳烃探测法的能力结合起来。这些项目将确定弱碱性亲核试剂(包括水)在基于表面活性剂的缔合胶体界面区域的浓度，以及在不透明乳液中与抗氧剂反应的速率常数。这些结果将为离子配对和水合作用对控制聚集体形态的力量平衡的贡献提供新的见解；关于多肽在膜模拟表面的构象和取向的新信息；以及对以前无法确定的抗氧化剂反应性和在乳液中的分布的新的理解。这些项目的完成将加深目前对控制表面活性剂聚集体结构的力量平衡的理解。它们将有助于改进软材料的结构，并增强其作为包封剂、增稠剂和散装运输流体的用途。HIV-1表面糖蛋白gp41在导致艾滋病的细胞融合机制中起重要作用，将从新的化学角度在界面上观察其构象和方向。在更广泛的意义上，Romsted教授的研究计划包括：(A)对本科生、研究生和博士后研究员进行高级培训；(B)与美国、法国、瑞典和巴西的同事进行科学合作，包括学生和教职员工的交流；(C)继续参加国内和国际会议并在国际期刊上发表文章；(D)加强“超分子与组装”和本科生有机化学的研究生课程教学；以及(E)为软材料技术奠定概念基础。从而为膜结合蛋白的形态提供了新的见解，并提高了乳化食品的安全性和货架期。

The Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Program in the Chemistry Division at the National Science Foundation supports Professor Laurence S. Romsted at Rutgers University in New Brunswick NJ. He proposes to do three projects that combine the logic of pseudophase models with the power of his arenediazonium probe method. These projects will determine the concentrations of weakly basic nucleophiles, including water, in the interfacial regions of surfactant based association colloids, and rate constants for reactions with antioxidants in opaque emulsions. The results should give new insight into the contribution of ion-pairing and hydration to the balance of forces controlling aggregate morphology; new information on the conformations and orientations of polypeptides at membrane mimetic surfaces; and a new understanding of previously unattainable determinations of antioxidant reactivity and distribution in emulsions. Completion of the projects will deepen current understanding of the balance of forces controlling surfactant aggregate structure. They will aid in refining the "tuning" of the structures of soft materials and enhance their utility as encapsulating agents, thickeners, and fluids for bulk transport. The conformation and orientation of the HIV-1 surface glycoprotein, gp41, which is important in the cell fusion mechanism leading to AIDS, will be viewed at interfaces from a new chemical perspective. The creation of a scale of antioxidant efficiency will be of general utility and enhance both nutrition and health.In a broader sense, Professor Romsted's research program includes: (a) advanced training for undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral fellows; (b) scientific collaborations, including student and faculty exchanges, with colleagues in the US, France, Sweden, and Brazil; (c) continued participation in national and international meetings and publication in international journals; (d) strengthening the teaching of a graduate course in "Supramolecules and Assemblies" and undergraduate organic chemistry; and (e) laying the conceptual basis for soft materials technologies. Thus, providing new insight into morphologies of membrane bound proteins, and improving safety and shelf-life of emulsified foods.