Bionanomaterial Uptake and Fate in Corbicula fluminea

摘要：“该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。”vikesland， PeterVirginia理工学院和州立大学生物纳米材料在Corbicula flunia中的吸收和命运类似于在药品和个人护理产品中观察到的情况，消费者使用和处理生物纳米材料。将不可避免地导致其排放到城市污水处理系统，并最终进入水生生态系统。因此，提高对生物纳米材料在生物和环境系统中的吸收和命运的理解是至关重要的。本提案的主要目的是确定生物纳米材料如何影响纳米材料的吸收和命运的哨兵水生试验生物，Corbicula fluminea。工作假设是，纳米材料进入生物体的吸收将主要受到用于使颗粒功能化的生物载体类型的影响，并且在较小程度上取决于材料的大小和形状。该项目将通过使用三种不同类型的生物载体（聚乙二醇、寡核苷酸和肽）功能化的金纳米颗粒来验证这一假设。为了验证这一假设，一项全面的研究计划包括以下四项研究任务：(1)金生物纳米材料的生产和功能化；(2)生物纳米材料在河蚌中的摄取和储存的量化；(3)蛤血细胞对生物纳米材料摄取的评估；(4)蛤血细胞对生物纳米材料摄取的可视化。本研究的有形成果包括：1)首次详细研究了双壳类动物对纳米材料的摄取和命运；2)详细表征了颗粒大小、形状和表面功能化对球藻和从球藻血淋巴中提取的血细胞摄取纳米材料的影响。该项目将有助于更好地了解工程纳米材料在环境监测中常用的哨兵指示物种中的吸收、积累和分配。除了对纳米技术、环境健康和安全方面的迫切研究需求作出贡献之外，该项目还将提供教育外展内容。弗吉尼亚理工大学环境生物纳米技术实验室研究团队的成员将与国家科学基金会赞助的弗吉尼亚理工大学EIGER综合研究生教育和研究培训（IGERT）计划和西弗吉尼亚公共教育联盟合作，建立一系列校外资助的实习机会，使中学教育工作者和学生能够跟随研究团队，学习观察纳米尺度的新方法发生在生物和环境界面的现象。

ABSTRACT"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."CBET- 0853989Vikesland, PeterVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Bionanomaterial Uptake and Fate in Corbicula fluminea Similar to what has been observed with pharmaceuticals and personal care products, consumer use and disposal of ?bionanomaterials? will inevitably result in their discharge to municipal wastewater treatment systems and, ultimately, to aquatic ecosystems. Accordingly, an improved understanding of the uptake and fate of bionanomaterials in biological and environmental systems is critical. The principal objective of this proposal is to determine how bionanomaterial affect nanomaterial uptake and fate in a sentinel aquatic test organism, Corbicula fluminea. The working hypothesis is that nanomaterial uptake into this organism will primarily be affected by the type of biological carrier used to functionalize the particle and to a lesser extent will depend on the size and shape of the material. This hypothesis is to be tested by this project by using gold nanoparticles functionalized with three different types of biological carriers: polyethylene glycol, oligonucleotides, and peptides. A comprehensive research plan to test this hypothesis consists of the following set of four research tasks: (1) Production and functionalization of gold bionanomaterials, (2) Quantification of bionanomaterial uptake and storage in Corbicula fluminea, (3) Evaluation of bionanomaterial uptake by clam hemocytes, and (4) Visualization of bionanomaterial uptake by clam hemocytes. Tangible products of this research include: 1) The first detailed study examining nanomaterial uptake and fate in bivalves, and 2) Detailed characterization of the effects of particle size, shape, and surface functionalization on uptake by Corbicula and by hemocytes extracted from Corbicula hemolymph (blood). This project will lead to better understanding of the uptake, ccumulation, and partitioning of engineered nanomaterials in a sentinel indicator species often used in environmental monitoring. Beyond a contribution to pressing research needs in nanotechnology environmental health and safety, the project will offer an educational outreach component. Members of the Virginia Tech Environmental BioNanotechnology Laboratory research team will work in partnership with the National Science Foundation sponsored EIGER Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) Program at Virginia Tech and the Western Virginia Public Education Consortium to establish a series of extramurally-funded internships that enable middle school educators and students to shadow the research team and learn about new methods for observing nanoscale phenomena occurring at biological and environmental interfaces.