UpTempO: Measuring the Upper Layer Temperature of the Arctic Ocean

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公法111-5)资助的。现有的冰基浮标可以测量温度分布，但这些浮标并不适合观测公海。因此，这项提议的目的是填补北极观测网络测量战略中的这一空白，即测量北冰洋季节性开放水域夏季变暖和随后秋季降温的时间历史。PI将重点关注那些冰消退最大的地区，即波弗特北部、楚科奇、东西伯利亚和拉普特夫海。他们的方法是每年建造最多10个相对便宜的海洋热敏电阻弦浮标，部署在北冰洋季节性不结冰的地区。北极-ADOS(自主漂流海洋站)浮标将漂浮在海洋表面，配备(I)一个海平面压力传感器，(Ii)一个50米长的11个热敏电阻串，以及(Iii)一些浮标上5米深的高精度电导/温度对，用于热敏电阻校准。数据将每两小时记录一次，并通过Argos卫星近乎实时地下载到国际北极浮标方案(IABP)的网站。IABP网站还将提供每日平均和垂直内插数据(至100万箱)，并将发送到数据档案馆(CADIS和NODC)。PIS还将与以任务为导向的机构的科学家合作，将海洋表面数据更好地纳入其全球产品，如海表面温度分析。还将通过全球电信系统向业务界提供实时数据。浮标部署将使用现有资产，如由国家冰雪中心(NIC)协调的C130飞机，作为其他项目一部分计划的船只巡航，以及由其他项目和/或由阿拉斯加北部的美国海军进行的春季冰层调查。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Ice-based buoys exist that can measure temperature profiles, but these are not optimized for observing the open sea. Thus the objective of this proposal is to fill this gap in the Arctic Observing Network measurement strategy, i.e., to measure the time history of summer warming and subsequent fall cooling of the seasonally open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The PIs will focus on those areas with the greatest ice retreat, i.e., the northern Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas. Their method will be to build up to 10 relatively inexpensive ocean thermistor string buoys per year, to be deployed in the seasonally ice-free regions of the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic-ADOS (Autonomous Drifting Ocean Station) buoy will float at the ocean surface, equipped with (i) a sea level pressure sensor, (ii) a 50 m long string of 11 thermistors, and (iii) a high precision conductivity/temperature pair at 5 m depth on some buoys for thermistor calibration. Data will be recorded every 2 hours and downloaded in near real time via ARGOS satellite to the web site of the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP). Daily average and vertically interpolated data (to 1 m bins) will also be provided on the IABP website, and will be sent to data archives (CADIS and NODC). The PIs will also work with scientists at mission-oriented agencies to better incorporate ocean surface data into their global products such as Sea Surface Temperature analyses. Real-time data will also be made available to the operational community via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). Buoy deployment will use existing assets such as C130 aircraft coordinated by the National Ice Center (NIC), ship cruises planned as part of other projects, and springtime ice surveys conducted by other projects and/or by the U.S. Navy north of Alaska.