Collaborative Research: Understanding Climate-Driven Phenological Change: Observations, Adaptations, and Cultural Implications in Northeastern Siberia and Labrador/Nunatsiavut

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该项目是一项跨学科的努力，系统地记录、模拟和解释由于全球和当地气候变化导致的季节性变化（物候学）背景下物理、生物和人类系统之间的关键联系。根据CSAS的征求意见，PHENARC的主要研究目标是了解北极系统气候变化、物候过程变化以及人类社会对这些变化的适应和反应之间的联系，以解读对未来的影响。这个项目吗?首要的研究问题是：i)构成PHENARC生态系统组成部分的关键季节性事件是什么？西伯利亚东北部和拉布拉多是两个主要的研究区域。ii)这些季节事件是如何变化的，在这些研究区域发生了哪些具体的物候变化？iii)这些季节性事件的驱动因素是什么？它们如何波及/影响整个系统？iv)物候变化及其产生的生态系统影响如何影响人类活动的时间？生存和其他活动？v)这些社会变化反过来又如何影响更大的文化体系？为了回答这些问题，PHENARC将采用定性和定量的实地研究方法，回顾性调查和建模/合成技术。数据来源将包括：系统气象观测；气候代理数据；文献史料；口述历史;从项目中与当代受访者的访谈中获得的数据呢？这是两个研究领域。PHENARC建立在项目pi在西伯利亚东北部的北极/亚北极地区和拉布拉多/努纳采武特地区建立的北极系统数据的坚实基础上，这两个北极地区以前没有被广泛研究过，为一个强大的比较研究提供了各种地形、生态系统和人类社区。此外，这些社区在文化和种族混合方面存在差异。PHENARC代表了一种新的方法，通过将北极气候数据与来自两个不同北极地区农村土著社区的当地知识相结合，来推进气候与人类系统之间关键联系的知识。PHENARC涉及目标社区、区域和国家专家以及国际合作者和附属机构团队。通过调查两个截然不同的北极地区的季节性模式，每个地区都是混合定居点和本地定居点的动态对比，以及由此产生的跨规模和国际边界的潜在知识转移，PHENARC？它对全球知识的贡献有望是相当大的，在广泛传播有关北极气候季节性变化和人类系统的新知识方面具有很大的潜力。项目1包括与当地社区居民密切合作，结果将在地方、区域和极地周围各级广泛传播。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). This project is an interdisciplinary effort to systematically document, model, and interpret key linkages between physical, biological and human systems in the context of changing seasonality (phenology) due to global and local climate change. In line with the CSAS solicitation, the primary research objective of PHENARC is to understand the linkages between Arctic system climate change, altered phenological processes, and adaptations and responses of human societies to these changes to decipher implications for the future. The project?s overarching research questions are: i) What are the key seasonal events that form an integral part of the ecosystems in PHENARC?s two main study areas of northeastern Siberia and Labrador?; ii) How are these seasonal events changing, and what specific phenological shifts are occurring in these study areas?; iii) What are the drivers of these seasonal events, and how do they ripple through/affect the entire system?; iv) How are phenological changes and their resulting ecosystem impacts affecting the timing of people?s subsistence and other activities?; v) How are these societal changes in turn affecting the larger cultural system? In order to answer such questions, PHENARC will employ qualitative and quantitative methods of field study, retrospective investigations, and modeling/synthesis techniques. Data sources will include: systematic meteorological observations; climate proxy data; documentary historical records; oral history; and data drawn from interviews with contemporary respondents in the project?s two study areas. PHENARC builds upon the solid foundation of Arctic systems data already established by the project PIs in the Arctic/Subarctic regions of northeastern Siberia and Labrador/Nunatsiavut, two arctic regions not extensively studied before, that provide a variety of terrains, and ecosystem and human communities for a robust comparative study. Additionally, the communities differ in cultural and ethnic mix. PHENARC represents a novel approach to advancing knowledge of key linkages between climate and human systems by integrating Arctic climate data with local knowledge drawn from rural native communities in two distinct arctic regions. PHENARC involves the targeted communities, regional and national specialists, and a team of international collaborators and affiliates. By investigating patterns of seasonality in two disparate arctic regions that are each home to a dynamic contrast of mixed and native settlements, and with a resulting potential transfer of knowledge across scales and international borders, PHENARC?s contribution to global knowledge promises to be considerable with high potential for disseminating widely new knowledge regarding changing seasonality in Arctic climate and human systems. Project is includes a close collaboration with local community residents and the results will be disseminated widely on local, regional, and circumpolar levels.