HCC: Large: Collaborative Research: Widescale Computer-Mediated Communication in Crisis Response: Roles, Trust & Accuracy in the Social Distribution of Information

信息和通信技术（ICT）有望帮助减少自然灾害、流行病和恐怖主义威胁造成的大规模破坏的影响。这项研究的重点是大规模应急反应的一个关键方面-公众成员的需要和作用。通过将公民视为一种强大的、自我组织的、集体智慧的力量，信息和通信技术可以在危机局势中发挥变革作用。信息和通信技术增强了公民社会的这一观点是基于人们在危机中如何行为的社会行为知识，而不是基于简化和神话般的描述。该项目将紧急响应重新定义为一个社会分布式信息系统，旨在通过重用公共可用的计算机介导通信（CMC）（例如，社区、地图和社交网站;博客; Twitter）。该项目将研究和整合异构信息，并通过自然语言处理以及信任和声誉建模的信息提取技术，添加元信息，以帮助用户评估上下文，有效性，来源，可信度和及时性，以便为高度本地化，不断变化的条件做出最佳决策。国家科学技术理事会减灾小组委员会的第一项重大挑战要求“在需要的地方和时间提供危险和灾害信息”（SDR，2005年）。处于风险中的人口受到危机的影响不成比例;这项研究的结果可以减轻对这些社区的影响。这项研究还包括美国境内不同文化/种族群体和来自不同国家的人。该项目扩大了未来的STEM劳动力，因为计算研究的社会技术和实践方向吸引了妇女学习STEM学科。研究贡献包括网络基础设施感知应用程序，技术和服务，这些应用程序，技术和服务是从产生危机数据的社会结构的经验知识中构建的。

Information and communication technology (ICT) promises to help reduce impacts of large-scale disruptions from natural hazards, pandemics, and terrorist threat. This research focuses on a critical aspect of large-scale emergency response -- the needs and roles of members of the public. By viewing the citizenry as a powerful, self-organizing, and collectively intelligent force, ICT can play a transformational role in crisis situations. This view of a civil society augmented by ICT is based on socio-behavioral knowledge about how people behave in crisis, rather than on simplified and mythical portrayals. With a critical reframing of emergency response as a socially-distributed information system, the project aims to leverage the knowledge of members of the public through reuse of publicly available computer mediated communications (CMCs) (e.g., community, mapping, and social networking sites; blogs; Twitter). The project will study and integrate that heterogeneous information and -- with techniques of information extraction through natural language processing as well as trust and reputation modeling -- add meta-information to help users assess context, validity, source, credibility, and timeliness to make the best decisions for their highly localized, changing conditions.The results of this research addresses matters of policy, practice and technological innovation, responding directly to needs identified in national policy statements, including Grand Challenge #1 of the National Science and Technology Council's Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction, which calls for the provision of "hazard and disaster information where and when it is needed" (SDR, 2005). At-risk populations are disproportionately affected by crises; the results of this research could mitigate the impacts on these communities. The research is also inclusive of people across different cultures/ethnic groups within the U.S. and from different countries. The project broadens the future STEM workforce, since socio-technical and practical orientations to computational research attract women to study STEM disciplines. The research contributions include cyberinfrastructure-aware applications, techniques, and services built from empirical knowledge of the social structures that produce crisis data.