Deformation within the Salton Trough as imaged with InSAR time series analysis

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案资助的（公法111-5）项目意义：近年来，包括连续GPS、应变仪和干涉合成孔径雷达（干涉合成孔径雷达）在内的大地测量数据的可用性出现了爆炸式增长，为探索地面运动研究的许多不同途径开辟了新的可能性，包括沉降、火山过程、构造变形和滑坡活动。 目前，充分利用这些数据的障碍包括难以吸收不同仪器的观测结果，以及难以将数据覆盖范围扩大到传统上对大地测量研究构成挑战的地理区域。 拟议的工作将通过开发改进的时间序列分析工具和培训学生和研究人员应用这些工具，增加干涉合成孔径雷达数据的可获得性。我们将把我们的方法应用到南加州帝国断层变形的具体例子中，该断层经历了两次大的地震。该地区是过去世纪发生的最大地震（Mw 6.6和Mw 7.1）的地区，靠近南圣安德烈亚斯断层、众多地热发电厂和南加州的人口中心。技术描述：我们提出了改进干涉合成孔径雷达的时间序列分析，结合联合收割机的优势，传统的，全干涉图的方法与点目标分析（也称为永久，或持久的散射体）。 我们将测试这些方法在世界各地的问题，跨越广泛的信号大小和噪声特性，特别强调在加州帝国断层的地震间和瞬态断层滑动。我们将专注于适用于这种时间序列分析的噪声和灵敏度阈值的表征，目的是提高其他研究人员将这种方法应用于新目标问题的容易程度。 我们将使所有的时间序列分析代码和合成的例子提供给一般社区，包括教程和课程材料，解决如何逆方法可以应用于研究问题的活动构造与大地测量数据。我们预计，我们的大气噪声对我们的反演的影响的表征的影响也将是相关的研究，旨在建模和/或校正对流层水汽的影响干涉图。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Project Significance: In recent years, there has been an explosion in the availability of geodetic data including continuous GPS, strainmeters and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), opening up new possibilities for exploration of many diverse avenues of ground motion research, including subsidence, volcanic processes, tectonic deformation and landslide activity. Current barriers to full utilization of these data include the difficulty involved with assimilating observations from diverse sets of instruments, as well as extension of the data coverage to geographical areas that have traditionally posed challenges to geodetic studies. The proposed work would increase the accessibility of InSAR data by developing improved time series analysis tools and training students and researchers to apply them. We will apply our methods to the specific example of deformation across the Imperial Fault in Southern California, which experienced two large (Mw 6.6 and Mw 7.1) earthquake in the past century, and which is situated in close proximity to the southern San Andreas Fault, numerous geothermal power plants, and population centers within Southern California.Technical Description: We propose improvements to InSAR time series analysis that combine strengths of traditional, whole-interferogram methods with point target analysis (also known as permanent, or persistent scatterers). We will test these methods on problems around the world spanning a wide range of signal sizes and noise characteristics, with particular emphasis on interseismic and transient fault slip for the Imperial fault in California. We will focus on the characterization of noise and sensitivity thresholds that apply to this sort of time series analysis, with the goal of improving the ease with which such methods can be applied by other researchers to new target problems. We will make all time series analysis codes and synthetic examples available to the general community, including tutorials and course materials that address how inverse methods can be applied to studying problems in active tectonics with geodetic data. We expect that the impact of our characterization of the impact of atmospheric noise on our inversions will also be relevant to research aimed at modeling and/or correcting the effects of tropospheric water vapor in interferograms.