Pixel-Tracking on High-Resolution Imagery Spanning the Darfield, New Zealand Earthquake

新西兰达菲尔德地震高分辨率图像的像素跟踪

• 批准号: 1137201
• 负责人: Rowena Lohman
• 金额: $ 0.95万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-01 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1137201&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pixel; Tracking; Resolution; Imagery; Spanning

This project is aimed at assessing damage to infrastructure and the potential for aftershocks immediately after destructive earthquakes such as the two that hit the region around Christchurch, New Zealand, during the past year. In this case, the close temporal association of the two events resulted in a case where we have more pre-seismic imagery from a wide range of satellite platforms before the second earthquake than is usual. We propose to use a combination of visual inspection and mapping of the images and automated cross-correlation (pixel-tracking) to characterize the coseismic and postseismic damage and deformation associated with each earthquake. We will also model the characteristics of each earthquake in order to assess the impact of stress changes on neighboring faults. Our primary goals are to 1) Quantify the evolving strain associated with the Darfield and Christchurch events, 2) Identify and map any observations of triggered slip on nearby faults, 3) Map liquefaction, landslides and detect incipient slumps along the Banks Peninsula and around Sumner and Lyttelton, and 4) Generate a slip distribution for both earthquakes that accounts for unknown aspects of the fault geometry and revise previous estimates of Coulomb stress change induced on neighboring faults.The work in this proposal will help advance the field of image-based satellite geodesy, which has many demonstrated applications of interest to NSF, including earthquake science, glaciology, groundwater management, landslide forecasting and mitigation, etc. This particular sequence of two earthquakes occurring in close (but not immediate) temporal and spatial proximity is of great interest to researchers studying the modes of interaction between earthquakes on nearby faults. The use of satellite imagery to study earthquakes at the present time is limited in several ways ? coseismic and postseismic deformation studies rely on a small number of platforms and sensor types (e.g. SPOT imagery, SAR, LANDSAT), while other, often more high-resolution observation types are typically ingested into GIS software packages and inspected visually for signs of damage (e.g., building collapse, flooding, liquefaction). Our study may open up these data types for use in constraining the magnitude of deformation as well, which would speed up the potential response time for relief workers, and aid in the intelligent deployment of instruments that can monitor adjacent sections of fault that may be stressed by the initial earthquake.

该项目旨在评估基础设施的损害，并在过去一年中袭击新西兰基督城周围地区的两者之后，立即发生余震的潜力。在这种情况下，这两个事件的紧密时间关联导致了一种情况，在第二次地震之前，我们从广泛的卫星平台上拥有比平常更高的卫星平台的图像。我们建议将图像的视觉检查和映射与自动化的互相关（像素跟踪）的结合来表征与每次地震相关的coseissic and poestissic损害和变形。我们还将对每个地震的特征进行建模，以评估应力变化对相邻断层的影响。我们的主要目标是1）量化与Darfield和Christchurch事件相关的不断发展的应变，2）识别并绘制了在附近的故障上触发的任何触发滑倒的观察结果，3）地图绘制液化性，陆地滑坡，降落和检测到沿岸的半岛沿岸以及萨姆纳（Sumnner）和莱特尔顿（Lyttelton）周围的分布和4）的详细信息，以及4）的详细信息。该提案中引起的库仑压力变化。该提案中的工作将有助于推进基于图像的卫星地理位置的领域，其中许多对NSF感兴趣的应用，包括地震科学，冰川学，冰川学，地下水管理，陆地预测和缓解等。这是两种兴趣的较重要的（但不是直接的）（但不是直接的），但是较重要的（但不是直接的），并且是自动启动的）。附近断层上的地震之间的相互作用模式。目前使用卫星图像研究地震受到多种限制？ coseissic和seist震后变形研究依赖于少数平台和传感器类型（例如，现场成像，SAR，Landsat），而其他通常会摄入更多高分辨率观察类型的类型，通常会摄入GIS软件包，并在视觉上进行了检查，并检查是否有损害的迹象（例如，建筑物崩溃，洪水，洪水，浮力，Liquefation）。我们的研究也可以开放这些数据类型，用于限制变形的大小，这将加快救济工人的潜在响应时间，并有助于智能部署可以监视最初地震可能强调的邻近故障段的工具。