Pixel-Tracking on High-Resolution Imagery Spanning the Darfield, New Zealand Earthquake

新西兰达菲尔德地震高分辨率图像的像素跟踪

• 批准号: 1137201
• 负责人: Rowena Lohman
• 金额: $ 0.95万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-01 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1137201&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pixel; Tracking; Resolution; Imagery; Spanning

This project is aimed at assessing damage to infrastructure and the potential for aftershocks immediately after destructive earthquakes such as the two that hit the region around Christchurch, New Zealand, during the past year. In this case, the close temporal association of the two events resulted in a case where we have more pre-seismic imagery from a wide range of satellite platforms before the second earthquake than is usual. We propose to use a combination of visual inspection and mapping of the images and automated cross-correlation (pixel-tracking) to characterize the coseismic and postseismic damage and deformation associated with each earthquake. We will also model the characteristics of each earthquake in order to assess the impact of stress changes on neighboring faults. Our primary goals are to 1) Quantify the evolving strain associated with the Darfield and Christchurch events, 2) Identify and map any observations of triggered slip on nearby faults, 3) Map liquefaction, landslides and detect incipient slumps along the Banks Peninsula and around Sumner and Lyttelton, and 4) Generate a slip distribution for both earthquakes that accounts for unknown aspects of the fault geometry and revise previous estimates of Coulomb stress change induced on neighboring faults.The work in this proposal will help advance the field of image-based satellite geodesy, which has many demonstrated applications of interest to NSF, including earthquake science, glaciology, groundwater management, landslide forecasting and mitigation, etc. This particular sequence of two earthquakes occurring in close (but not immediate) temporal and spatial proximity is of great interest to researchers studying the modes of interaction between earthquakes on nearby faults. The use of satellite imagery to study earthquakes at the present time is limited in several ways ? coseismic and postseismic deformation studies rely on a small number of platforms and sensor types (e.g. SPOT imagery, SAR, LANDSAT), while other, often more high-resolution observation types are typically ingested into GIS software packages and inspected visually for signs of damage (e.g., building collapse, flooding, liquefaction). Our study may open up these data types for use in constraining the magnitude of deformation as well, which would speed up the potential response time for relief workers, and aid in the intelligent deployment of instruments that can monitor adjacent sections of fault that may be stressed by the initial earthquake.

该项目的目的是评估对基础设施的破坏以及在破坏性地震之后立即发生余震的可能性，例如去年袭击新西兰基督城周围地区的两次地震。在这种情况下，这两个事件的密切时间关联导致了我们在第二次地震之前从广泛的卫星平台获得的震前图像比通常情况下更多。我们建议使用视觉检查和映射的图像和自动互相关（像素跟踪）的组合，以表征同震和震后的损坏和变形与每次地震。我们还将模拟每个地震的特征，以评估应力变化对邻近断层的影响。我们的主要目标是：1）量化与达菲尔德和基督城事件相关的不断变化的应变，2）识别并绘制附近断层上触发滑动的任何观测结果，3）绘制液化、滑坡并检测沿着班克斯半岛以及萨姆纳和利特尔顿周围的早期滑坡，和4）生成两次地震的滑动分布，解释断层几何形状的未知方面，并修改先前对邻近断层。本提案中的工作将有助于推进基于图像的卫星大地测量领域，该领域已被证明具有NSF感兴趣的许多应用，包括地震科学，冰川学，地下水管理，滑坡预测和缓解，这两次地震的特殊序列发生在近距离（但不是立即的）时间和空间邻近性对于研究附近断层上地震之间相互作用模式的研究人员来说非常感兴趣。目前利用卫星图像研究地震在几个方面受到限制？同震和震后变形研究依赖于少量的平台和传感器类型（例如SPOT图像、SAR、LANDSAT），而其他通常更高分辨率的观测类型通常被摄取到GIS软件包中并视觉检查损坏的迹象（例如，建筑物倒塌、洪水、液化）。我们的研究可能会开放这些数据类型，用于限制变形的大小，这将加快救援人员的潜在响应时间，并有助于智能部署仪器，以监测可能受到初始地震影响的断层相邻部分。