III: Small: High Throughput Real-Time Astronomy: Discrimiation, Dissemination and Decision

该提案将使用2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）提供的资金进行奖励。智力优势：我们建议建立一个事件驱动网络，作为NSF VOEventNet的延续，将事件驱动技术应用于天文学。有许多大型的在线调查（CRTS， PTF， LOFAR， LIGO， LSST， SKA等）正在反复扫描天空，以找出变化的原因和原因。观测可以由超新星、伽马射线爆发、耀变体爆发、行星微透镜或其他令人兴奋的天体物理学引起。在许多情况下，快速传播和后续观测是发现、获得星等和多波长覆盖的关键。新的VOEventNet将从专业和业余的多个事件调查中获取事件，并在从儿童到主要天文台的所有级别免费传播。触发器（选择）标准可以精确地单独构建。当事件到达时，将运行这些触发器（布尔函数）来决定操作是否发生。这些触发器将处理异构的、多源的数据。动作可以包括移动和操作传感器（人工或机器人引导）、发送消息、获取数据以构建数据组合以及运行分类规则。此外，操作可能导致新事件的生成，从而引发工作流。事件的实时数据来自大型巡天的自动化管道，或者来自小型大学天文台或业余天文学家进行的后续观测。这些作者之前已经注册了将在实际事件中使用的参数的语义含义，因此自动化系统可以是有效的、实时的、语义感知的决策者。新的VOEventNet将使用国际标准（VOEvent）作为全球事件基础设施的一部分，与其他事件代理（如NASA的GCN）交换事件。更广泛的影响：我们在这里提出了一个由实时传感器创建的事件的网络基础设施。传感器可以是很多东西，例如港口的辐射探测器。盖革计数器的超额点击率创建了一个事件，该事件与其他数据自动组合在一起，例如原产国和所做的决定，可能使用额外的传感器，结果触发另一个动作。只有重大事件才值得人们关注。这种“传感器-事件-行动”模式出现在科学和工程的许多其他领域，例如早期地震预警，当互联网故事成为病毒时的网络配置，泄漏或污染检测，以及许多其他领域。

This proposal will be awarded using funds made available by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Intellectual Merit:We propose to build an event-driven network, a continuation of the NSF VOEventNet, applying the event-driven technology to Astronomy. There are many large surveys coming online (CRTS, PTF, LOFAR, LIGO, LSST, SKA etc) that are scanning the sky repeatedly, to find what is changing and why. Observation can be caused by supernova, gamma-ray burst, blazar eruption, planetary microlensing, or other exciting astrophysics. In many cases, rapid dissemination and follow-up observation is the key to discovery, to get magnitudes and multi-wavelength coverage.The new VOEventNet will ingest events from multiple event surveys, professional and amateur and disseminate them for free at all levels, from child to major observatory. Trigger (selection) criteria can be built precisely and individually. When an event arrives, these triggers (boolean functions) are run to decide if an action is to happen or not. These triggers will work with heterogeneous, multi-sourced data. Actions can include the moving and operating of a sensor, either human or robot guided, sending messages, fetching data to build a data portfolio, and running classification rules. Further, actions can cause the generation of new events, thus inducing a workflow. Events come in real time from an automated pipeline of a major sky survey or from a small college observatory or amateur astronomer doing follow-up observations. These authors have previously registered the semantic meaning of the parameters that will be used in the actual events, so that automated systems can be effective, real-time, semantically aware decision-makers. The new VOEventNet will use an international standard (VOEvent) to be part of the global event infrastructure, exchanging events with other event brokers, such as NASA's GCN.Broader Impact:We propose here a cyber-infrastructure for events that are created from real-time sensors. The sensor could be many things, for example a radiation detector at a port. Excess click rate of the Geiger counter creates an event that is automatically assembled with other data, such as country of origin, and decisions made, perhaps using an additional sensor, the results triggering another action. Only important events merit human attention. This "Sensor-Event-Action" pattern occurs in many other fields of science and engineering, for example early earthquake warning, network provisioning when an internet story becomes viral, leak or pollution detection, and many others.