Doctoral Dissertation Research: Linguistic and Orientalist Research in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany

本论文的研究将考察1875年至1900年德国语言科学与东方学的关系。基于这一时期见证了从古代语言史证据到当代口语数据的方法论转变，该项目提出了这样一个问题：对近东语言感兴趣的研究人员在哪些方面声称他们的工作是“科学的”？从方法论上讲，该项目借鉴了科学史、19世纪德国思想史和政治史以及语言学史。它分析了比较语言学和德国东方学的主要期刊，如《比较语言学研究杂志》和《东方社会杂志》。它要求在哈勒(Saale)、莱比锡、柏林和哥廷根进行档案研究，涉及语言学家及其专业组织的论文。基于对这些来源的分析，它将概述19世纪最后四分之一个世纪最后四分之一个世纪中SPRACHISSENTCHFT(语言学)和Orientalistik(东方主义)的机构发展。该项目的核心是对研究印欧语系伊朗亚语系的语言学家进行个案研究，特别是J.H.胡布施曼(1848-1908)和F·C·安德烈亚斯(1846-1930)。这个项目提出了一些基本问题，即科学事业的边界是如何随着时间的推移而定义和控制的。在这一时期，德国语言学家就语言研究与其他领域的地位展开了激烈的争论。特别是，与莱比锡大学有关的“新语法学家”声称他们的工作具有科学地位，他们优先考虑方法而不是文化和社会历史的特殊性。在这个学术显著发展和自觉实现大学现代化的时代，他们的工作所产生的制度和智力后果，对于理解“科学”是至关重要的。因此，这一跨学科项目试图将对科学的具体背景理解与后来科学和人文科学之间的划分联系起来。

This dissertation research will investigate the relationship between language sciences and Oriental studies in Germany from 1875 to 1900. Based on the observation that this period witnessed a methodological shift from ancient, often textual, evidence of language history to contemporary spoken data, it asks: In what ways did researchers interested in Near Eastern languages claim their work was "scientific"?Methodologically, the project draws from the history of science, nineteenth-century German intellectual and political history, and the historiography of linguistics. It analyzes leading journals of comparative linguistics and German Oriental studies, such as the Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (Journal of Comparative Linguistic Research) and the Zeitschrift der Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (Journal of Oriental Society). It requires archival research in Halle (Saale), Leipzig, Berlin, and Göttingen involving the papers of linguists and their professional organizations. Based on an analysis of these sources, it will outline the institutional development of Sprachwissenschaft (Linguistics) and Orientalistik (Orientalism) in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. At its core, the project will carry out case studies of linguists who worked on the Iranian sub-family of Indo-European, notably, J. H. Hübschmann (1848-1908) and F. C. Andreas (1846-1930). This project poses fundamental questions about how boundaries of the scientific enterprise have been defined and controlled over time. In this period, German linguists actively debated the position of language study in relation to other fields. In particular, the "Neogrammarians" associated with the University of Leipzig claimed scientific status for their work by prioritizing method over the particularities of cultural and social history. The institutional and intellectual consequences of their work are essential to an understanding of "science" during this time of remarkable academic growth and self-conscious university modernization. Thus, this interdisciplinary project seeks to relate a context-specific understanding of science to later divisions between science and the humanities.