Core Projekt 9 - Monitoring of aboveground arthropod diversity with main emphasis on xylobionts

节肢动物是高度多样化的，基本上参与了许多生物过程。树冠为这种多样性的很大一部分提供了栖息地，但仍然是一个巨大的未知领域。本项目的主要目的是定量和定性地评估森林管理对冠层节肢动物多样性和功能作用的影响。为此，我们1）进行了彻底的记录冠层节肢动物的多样性。本文根据多年的调查资料，分析了不同经营方式下森林乔木节肢动物群落的结构、动态和功能团组成。2)我们实验积累死木材-一种罕见的关键资源，在管理的森林-在个别树木和地面上，并分析对种群的影响和他们的相互作用与其他行业协会（如捕食者-猎物的关系），3）我们调查（也实验和与其他项目合作）的重要性，木本节肢动物粗木质残体分解。通过杀虫剂击倒的方式反复监测树冠节肢动物多样性，可以估计物种丰富的社区的稳定性和恢复力。我们的项目为其他项目提供了重要的数据，使林冠多样性与其他栖息地和社区的多样性相关联，旨在实现森林生态系统过程的更全面的建模。我们以前的工作表明，草原土地利用强度的增加会导致传粉者组成的变化（更多的双翅目昆虫，更少的蜜蜂），也会影响植物，其中土地利用的赢家（例如，飞授粉的Heraculus sphondyelae和毛茛acris）和输家可以区分。我们目前正在研究这是否会导致选择失败者（例如蜜蜂授粉的莲花或风铃草）的授粉减少，以及获胜者的授粉增加。这种过程将加速密集使用的草地上植物种群的成功和衰落。对这些过程的长期监测适用于此。

Arthropods are highly diverse and essentially involved in numerous biological processes. Tree crowns provide habitats for a large part of this diversity, but are still a vastly uncharted territory. The major aim of this project is to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the influence of forest management on the diversity and functional roles of canopy arthropods. For this we 1) perform a thorough recording of the diversity of canopy arthropods. Based on data of several years we analyse the structure, dynamics and guild composition of tree specific arthropod communities in forests under different management regimes. 2) We experimentally accumulate dead wood – a rare key resource in managed forests – in individual trees and on the ground and analyse the effects on the populations of xylobionts and their interaction with other guilds (e.g. predator-prey relationships), 3) we investigate (also experimentally and in cooperation with other projects) the importance of xylobiontic arthropods for coarse woody debris decomposition. The repeated monitoring of canopy arthropod diversity by means of insecticidal knock down allows an estimation of stability and resilience of species-rich communities. Our project provides important data for other projects, allowing relating canopy diversity with that of other habitats and communities with the aim to achieve a more comprehensive modelling of forest ecosystem processes. Our previous work has shown that increasing land-use intensity in grasslands leads to changes in pollinator composition (more dipterans, fewer bees) and also affects plants where land use winners (e.g. fly-pollinated Heracleum sphondylium and Ranunculus acris) and losers can be distinguished. We currently investigate whether this translates into lower pollination of selected losers (e.g. bee-pollinated Lotus or Campanula), and higher pollination of winners. Such processes will accelerate the success and decline of plant populations in intensively used grasslands. Long-term monitoring of these processes is applied for here.