EAGER: Developing and Testing Algorithms for Generating Leading Tsunami Waves

在过去的四十年里，孤立波一直被用作实验室研究中的替代主导海啸波。然而，2004年印度洋海啸的数据表明，与真实的海啸相比，孤立波的长度和时间尺度太小。这一发现对海啸研究界提出了一个根本性的挑战，他们目前根据孤立波理论解释现有的结果。更重要的是，这表明需要研究在实验室设施中产生足够的长波进行实验室研究的可行性。 智力优势：本研究将使用康奈尔大学新安装的长冲程造波机和俄勒冈州州立大学的NEES海啸设施来测试海啸波没有足够的时间和距离演变成孤立波的假设，因此挑战了目前使用的基于孤立波的波浪爬高和其他物理量的建模方法。 由于这两种造波机都是新的，因此需要投资开发用于生成适当比例的领先海啸波的算法。 关键的问题是要证明，如果目前孤立波理论估计的波长和波周期与最近的现场观测。 因此，这项研究是及时的，并具有潜在的变革性。 研究的目标如下：（1）调查和制定的形状特征的领先海啸波，（2）创建和实施算法，以产生理想的领先海啸波的形式在康奈尔和俄勒冈州波水槽。这项研究具有高风险，但潜在的影响也很大。如果研究成功，它对未来的海啸实验室研究方向和社区建模方法，包括NEES海啸设施的影响深远。 需要重新评价过去取得的大多数实验室结果及其应用。 在过去的实验室研究中，孤立波一直被用作上升和波浪力的主导海啸波的替代物，原因之一是大多数现有的波浪水槽设施不能产生代表主导海啸波的非常长的波浪。 然而，康奈尔大学和俄勒冈州海啸造波设施的新造波机现在具有长冲程能力，可以产生非常长的波浪，并测试这一假设，这两个设施在适用参数范围方面相互补充。更广泛的影响：成功实现本研究的目标可能会产生以下更广泛的影响。 首先，如果这一假设得到证实，那么2004年印度洋海啸清楚地表明，在实验室中，孤立波不能准确地表示海啸的主导波，这一领域将需要新的研究方向和实验室能力。第二，该项目将利用俄勒冈州州立大学的海啸实验数据库和笔记本电脑，以捕捉和公开提供所有的实验数据，以及在NEES数据存储库中存档所有数据，供未来的研究人员重用。 第三，一个新的活塞造波机安装在俄勒冈州州立大学的NEES大型波浪水槽，通过最近的美国国家科学基金会重大研究仪器（MRI）奖获得，并于2009年春季开始运作。 该合同将通过改进驱动液压致动器组件的软件来开发产生超长波浪的算法，从而扩大波浪水槽设施的能力。

During the last forty years, solitary waves have been used as surrogate leading tsunami waves in laboratory studies. The data taken from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis, however, show that the length and time scales for the solitary wave are too small in comparison with those of real tsunamis. This discovery poses a fundamental challenge for the tsunami research community, who currently interpret the existing results based on solitary wave theory. More importantly, this points to the need to investigate the feasibility of generating adequate long waves in a laboratory facility for laboratory research. Intellectual Merit: This research will use the newly installed wave makers with long strokes at Cornell University and the NEES tsunami facility at Oregon State University to test the hypothesis that the leading tsunami wave does not have sufficient time and distance to evolve into a solitary form, therefore challenging the currently used modeling approach for wave runup and other physical quantities based on the solitary wave. Since both wave makers are new, investments need to be made to develop algorithms for generating properly scaled leading tsunami waves. The critical question is to demonstrate if the wave length and wave period estimated by current solitary wave theory agree with recent field observations. Therefore, this research is timely and potentially transformative. The objectives of the research are as follows: (1) investigate and formulate the shape of characteristic leading tsunami waves, and (2) create and implement algorithms for generating desirable leading tsunami wave forms in both the Cornell and Oregon State wave flumes. This research has high risk but potentially high impact. If the research is successful, it has far-reaching implications on future tsunami laboratory research directions and community modeling approaches, including those of the NEES tsunami facility. Most of the laboratory results obtained in the past and their applications would need to be reevaluated. One reason that the solitary wave has been used in the past as the surrogate for the leading tsunami wave in laboratory studies for runup and wave force is that most existing wave flume facilities cannot generate the very long waves that represent leading tsunami waves. However, the new wave makers at both Cornell and the Oregon State tsunami wave facility now have the long stroke capacity to generate very long waves and test this hypothesis, and these two facilities complement each other in terms of range of applicable parameters. Broader Impacts: Successful achievement of the objectives of this research could lead to the following broader impacts. First, if the hypothesis is proven, then the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis clearly demonstrate that leading tsunami waves cannot be accurately represented by solitary waves in the laboratory, and new research directions and laboratory capabilities will be required for the field. Second, this project will utilize Oregon State University's Tsunami Experiment Databank and Notebook to capture and make all experimental data publicly available, as well as archiving all data in the NEES data repository, for reuse by future researchers. Third, a new piston wave maker was installed in Oregon State University's NEES Large Wave Flume, acquired through a recent NSF Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) award, and became operational in spring 2009. This award will expand the capabilities of that wave flume facility through the algorithm developed to generate very long waves through modification of the software that drives the hydraulic actuator assembly.