FOR 1745: International Public Administration. The Emergence and Development of Administrative Patterns and their Effects on International Policy-Making (IPA)

解决气候变化、打击跨国恐怖主义、促进民主做法和人权、抗击传染性疾病、为金融市场提供稳定、建立公平的国际贸易规则、引导移民……在没有国际组织参与的情况下，很少有对我们社会的未来具有重大意义的决定。越是需要这些组织设计和维持提供全球治理的政策解决方案，就越需要重视它们的组织基础，特别是它们的常设行政机构。与任何组织一样，一旦政治组织获得法律授权并获得财政和人事资源，它们往往会成为自身的行为者。尽管官僚主义可能不是二十一世纪全球政治的主要特征，但毫无疑问，自冷战结束以来，内部监督办公室不断被赋予更多的任务。国际行政当局如何处理这些任务，关系到现代全球治理的运作方式。在1745研究组议程的第一阶段，很明显，国际公共行政机构是影响民族国家以外决策的关键因素之一。虽然侧重于投资促进机构的研究成果的数量正在增加，但仍然存在一些重大挑战。从经验上看，文献对IPA政策制定影响的考察方式存在差距。从理论上讲，就行政影响的机制和范围条件而言，最先进的情况是不同的。特别是，几乎没有努力将关于国际行动计划影响的研究与对国际行动计划行政模式的评估联系起来。这一差距将在第二阶段得到弥补。从特定组织实体的角度处理投资促进机构的决策影响将具有误导性。取而代之的是，研究股采用了行政治理的观点。研究股项目将政策制定概念化为一个由多个利益攸关方相互作用的动态形成的专门过程，从政策领域的角度处理投资政策评估。因此，决策是不同行为者之间战略互动的结果，这些行为者在决策限制和资源方面存在很大差异。从这一共同重点出发，研究股项目(1)审查行政资源(即投资促进机构可在政策领域采取与政策有关的行动的行政工具包)，(2)分析行政战略(即投资促进机构如何利用其行政工具包影响国际决策)。

Resolving climate change, combating transnational terrorism, fostering democratic practices and human rights, fighting contagious diseases, providing stability for financial markets, establishing fair rules for international trade, channeling migration¿few decisions significant for the future of our societies are made without the involvement of international organizations (IOs). The more these organizations are needed to design and sustain policy solutions for providing global governance, the more attention needs to be paid to their organizational foundations, in particular to their permanent administrative bodies. As with any organization, once political organizations are given a legal mandate and provided with financial and personnel resources, they tend to become actors in their own right. Although bureaucracy may not be the defining feature of global politics in the twenty-first century, there is no doubt that since the end of the Cold War, IOs have been delegated continuously more tasks. How international administrations handle these tasks consequential to how modern global governance works. During the first phase of the agenda of Research Unit 1745, it became clear that International Public Administrations (IPAs) are among the key factors affecting policy-making beyond the nation-state. While the number of research outputs focusing on IPAs is growing, several major challenges remain. Empirically, there are gaps in the way the literature has examined IPA policy-making influence. Theoretically, the state of the art is disparate with respect to the mechanisms and scope conditions of administrative influence. In particular, there has been little effort to link research on IPA influence with stocktaking of IPA administrative patterns. This gap will be addressed in the second phase. Addressing IPAs¿ policy-making impact from the perspective of particular organizational entities would be misleading. Instead, the Research Unit applies an administrative governance perspective. Conceptualizing policy-making as a specialized process that is shaped by the dynamics of multiple stakeholder interaction, Research Unit projects address IPAs from the perspective of the policy domain. Policy-making then is a result of strategic interactions among various actors that vary substantially in terms of their policy-making constraints and resources. Originating from this common focus, Research Unit projects (1) examine administrative resources (i.e., the administrative toolkit for policy-related action available to IPAs in a policy domain), and (2) analyze administrative strategies (i.e., how IPAs employ their administrative toolkit to affect international policy-making).