NSEC: Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing

层次化制造中心(CHM)是一家领先的研究和教育中心，致力于为电子、能源转换、资源节约和人类健康等领域的下一代纳米技术设备的制造开发高精度和低成本的工艺平台和工具。该中心的方法包括利用基于定向自组装、添加剂驱动组装、纳米压印光刻和纳米尺度的保形沉积的新型纳米制造工艺，结合基于硅片的技术或基于高速卷对卷的生产工具，在多个长度尺度上集成元件和系统。CHM的工作是通过研究功能架构中的设备设计、建模和原型测试来实现的，这些功能架构利用了该中心开发的特定层次化纳米制造能力。研究结构由三个技术研究小组(TRGS)和系统级试验台组成，在这些试验台中，识别、系统地解决了使用CHM平台工具制造器件纳米结构的关键科学、工程和工艺障碍。TRG 1，纳米材料和工艺，致力于高可靠性纳米制造所需的材料系统和工艺，并支持对CHM核心技术的基础研究。TRG 2，纳米级器件、系统和计量，支持磁学、光子学和器件设计方面的基础研究，以生成概念验证原型，这些原型可以使用TRG 1和CHM的工艺平台的先进技术进行组装。TRG 3，传感器和环境监测，正在创造用于芯片上分离、诊断和环境监测的新系统。这包括跟踪环境中的纳米材料并评估其毒性和在动植物物种中的生物分布的新战略。试验台是流程和平台开发的核心，在这里，有希望的概念从实验室结果转变为可靠、快速、高产和可移植的方法。CHM测试台包括一个独特的用于自组装材料和设备的卷对卷加工设施，包括用于纳米混杂材料和卷对卷纳米压印工具的定制涂覆线。试验台示范项目包括聚合物电池、柔性光伏和用于分离的纳米多孔薄膜。CHM的基础科学和试验台工作吸纳了美国马萨诸塞州大学阿默斯特分校、宾厄姆顿大学、麻省理工学院、密歇根大学、芒特霍利奥克学院、NIST、波多黎各大学和莱斯大学的教师和研究专业人员，并受益于与欧洲和亚洲的领先团队的合作。在更广泛的影响方面，实施与硅片加工或大批量卷到卷加工兼容的高效纳米制造战略，将能够以可接受的成本生产高性能计算、存储器、传感和光子/光学活性介质和设备，以及在能源转换、有机电子和显示器方面的纳米产品。这些进步将有助于转变我们的国家？S在基础研究上的大量投资，转化为能够提供可观社会效益和经济效益的产品。此外，CHM是国家纳米制造网络(NNN)的行政中心。NNN是美国基于纳米制造的经济发展和研究合作的催化剂。它包括一个由制造设施和专业知识组成的网络，一个动态的基于网络的信息资源，以及一条大学-行业-政府伙伴关系的途径。NNN的努力包括InterNano，一个免费访问的数字图书馆和关于纳米制造的信息资源。NNN协调、主办和分发关于纳米技术研究、实施和社会影响等新兴领域的研讨会的成果。CHM还服务于广泛的教育受众，包括K-12、社区大学、本科生和研究生院的学生以及公众。CHM的战略重点是培训K-12教师的纳米科学课程，为不同受众和不同层次开发可重复使用的教育材料，试点并向社区大学传播纳米制造和纳米科学教育内容，以及加强纳米技术本科生和研究生培训。CHM在其所有活动中倡导多元化参与的原则：研究、教育、外联和管理。多元化团队协调整个CHM团队的努力，以确保S中心多元化战略计划的有效实施。

The Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing (CHM) is a leading research and education center for the development of precision and cost efficient process platforms and tools for the manufacturing of next generation, nanotechnology-enabled devices for electronics, energy conversion, resource conservation and human health. The Center's approach involves the integration of components and systems across multiple length scales using novel nanofabrication processes for sub-30 nm elements based on directed self-assembly, additive-driven assembly, nanoimprint lithography, and conformal deposition at the nanoscale in combination with either Si wafer-based technologies or high-rate roll-to-roll based production tools. The CHM effort is made comprehensive by research on device design, modeling and prototype testing in functional architectures that take advantage of the specific hierarchical nanomanufacturing capabilities developed by the Center. The research structure consists of three Technical Research Groups (TRGs) and system-level test beds in which the key science, engineering and process barriers to the manufacturing of device nanostructures using the CHM platform tools are identified, systematically addressed and resolved. TRG 1, Nanoscale Materials and Processes, addresses the materials systems and processes necessary for high reliability nanofabrication and supports fundamental research on the CHM's core technologies. TRG 2, Nanoscale Devices, Systems, and Metrology, supports fundamental studies in magnetics, photonics and device design to generate proof-of-concept prototypes that can be assembled using advances from TRG 1 and the CHM's process platforms. TRG 3, Sensors and Environmental Monitoring, is creating new systems for on-chip separations, diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This includes new strategies for tracking nanomaterials in the environment and assessing their toxicity and biodistribution in plant and animal species. The test beds are the heart of process and platform development where promising concepts transition from laboratory results into reliable, rapid, high-yield and transferable methodologies. CHM test beds include a unique a roll-to-roll process facility for self-assembled materials and devices, including custom coating lines for nanohybrid materials and roll-to-roll nanoimprint tools. Test bed demonstration projects include polymer batteries, flexible photovoltaics and nanoporous films for separations. The CHM's fundamental science and test bed efforts incorporate faculty and research professionals at UMass Amherst, Binghamton University, MIT, The University of Michigan, Mount Holyoke College, NIST, The University of Puerto Rico, and Rice University and benefit from collaborations with leading groups in Europe and Asia. In terms of broader impacts, the implementation of efficient nanomanufacturing strategies that are compatible with Si wafer processing or high-volume roll-to-roll processing will enable the production of high performance computing, memory, sensing and photonic/optically active media and devices as well as nano-enabled products in energy conversion, organic electronics and displays at acceptable cost. Such advances will help to transform our nation?s substantial investment in basic research into products that provide substantial social and economic benefits. In addition, the CHM is the administrative hub of the National Nanomanufacturing Network (NNN). The NNN is a catalyst for U.S. nanomanufacturing-based economic development and research collaboration. It comprises a network of manufacturing facilities and expertise, a dynamic web-based information resource, and a pathway for university-industry-government partnerships. The NNN efforts include InterNano, a freely accessible digital library and information resource on nanomanufacturing. The NNN coordinates, hosts and distributes the outcome of workshops on emerging areas in nanotechnology research, implementation and societal implications. The CHM further serves a broad educational audience, including those in K-12, community college, undergraduate and graduate schools, and the public. The CHM's strategy focuses on training K-12 teachers in nanoscience curriculum, developing re-purposeable educational materials for various audiences and levels, piloting and disseminating nanomanufacturing and nanoscience educational content to community colleges, and enhancing undergraduate and graduate training in nanotechnology. The CHM champions the principle of diverse participation in all of its activities: research, education, outreach and management. A Diversity Team coordinates CHM-wide team efforts to ensure efficient implementation of the Center?s Diversity Strategic Plan.