RAPID: Geotechnical Engineering Reconnaissance of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

2010年1月12日，海地太子港地区发生里氏7.0级地震。地震震中位于18.457N72.533W，紧邻太子港市以西，据估计有80公里的断层破裂。 这一事件对城市造成的破坏极为严重，目前海地的活动集中在人道主义工作上。 尽管如此，影响海湾边缘附近地面的Mw = 7的走滑事件在美国和世界各地都是常见的地震场景。 这场地震造成土壤液化和地面故障沿着海岸线和严重影响的关键设施，如国家？的主要港口。 还必须了解土壤和地质条件如何影响整个太子港市的破坏模式。 现场勘测将侧重于捕获易腐烂的数据，但我们也将通过以下方式增加土壤的一些岩土工程特性：（1）检查喷出物，（2）手持锥贯入试验，（3）手持设备测量剪切波速度（Vs）。这次地震的规模和影响，以及它与美国地震设计方案的相关性，需要派遣一个岩土勘察小组，记录这次地震的岩土和工程地质/地震特征。 该项目将资助一个侦察小组前往海地执行这些任务。 该小组将通过岩土工程地震工程勘察协会（GEER）进行协调，并将与地震工程研究所（EERI）和ASCE生命线地震工程技术理事会（TCLEE）等其他组织协调的勘察小组密切合作。 极端事件工程是一个经验驱动的领域，在事件发生后（例如，地震、海啸、飓风、滑坡或洪水），系统地收集可用于推进我们理解的易逝数据。野外观测在地球工程领域尤为重要，因为在实验室中很难复制自然界数千年来建造的土壤沉积物。对受损地区的详细测绘和测量为有据可查的案例历史提供了数据，推动了工程师使用的许多设计程序的发展。 记录和分享从世界各地的重大事件中吸取的关键经验教训，为推进工程研究和实践做出了重大贡献。 在海地实地调查完成后，将在GEER网站（http：//www.geerassociation.org/）上公布观察结果和调查结果。来自不同调查人员的图像也将发布在网站上，并通过谷歌地球可见

On January 12, 2010 a magnitude Mw 7.0 earthquake struck the Port-au-Prince region of Haiti. The earthquake epicenter is located at 18.457N 72.533W, immediately west of the city of Port-au-Prince, and it is estimated that there was 80 km of fault rupture. The urban damage induced by this event is extreme, and current activities in Haiti are focused on humanitarian efforts. Nonetheless, a strike-slip Mw = 7 event that affects ground near the margins of a bay represents a common earthquake scenario in the US and throughout the world. This earthquake generated soil liquefaction and ground failure along the coastline and severely affected critical facilities, such as the country?s main port. It will also be important to understand how soil and geologic conditions influenced the damage patterns across the City of Port-au-Prince. Field reconnaissance will be focused on capturing perishable data, but we will also add some geotechnical characterization of the soils through: (1) examination of ejecta, (2) hand-held cone penetration tests, and (3) hand-carried equipment to measure shear wave velocities (Vs).The size and impact of this earthquake, as well as its relevance to earthquake design scenarios in the US, warrants the dispatch of a geotechnical reconnaissance team to document the geotechnical and engineering geology/seismology features of this earthquake. This project will fund a reconnaissance team to travel to Haiti to perform these tasks. The team will be coordinated through the Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Reconnaissance (GEER) Association and will work closely with the reconnaissance teams coordinated by other organizations such as the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and the ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (TCLEE). Extreme events engineering is an experience-driven field where immediately following the occurrence of an event (e.g., earthquake, tsunami, hurricane, landslide, or flood), perishable data that can be used to advance our understanding is systematically collected. Field observations are particularly important in the field of geo-engineering, because it is difficult to replicate in the laboratory soil deposits built by nature over thousands of years. Detailed mapping and surveying of damaged areas provides the data for well-documented case histories that drive the development of many of the design procedures used by engineers. Documenting and sharing the key lessons learned from major events around the world contributes significantly to advancing research and practice in engineering. After the Haiti field investigation is complete, observations and findings will be posted on the GEER website (http://www.geerassociation.org/). Images from the various investigators will also be posted on the website and visible through Google Earth