The Genetic Basis of Transgressive Variation in Rice

Pi：Susan R.McCouch(康奈尔大学)Copi(S)：Jason Mezey(康奈尔大学)，乔治亚C.Eizenga和Anna M.McClung(阿肯色大学/美国农业部-ARS戴尔丰收国家水稻研究中心)主要合作者(S)：Stefan Einarson(康奈尔大学)和Lewis H.Ziska(美国农业部-ARS贝尔茨维尔农业研究中心)该项目将建立一个联合正向-反向遗传学平台，以促进在植物改良中利用野生和外来遗传材料，并加快发现水稻转基因变异背后的基因和基因网络的步伐。超亲变异发生在遗传分化的双亲之间的杂交中，其中后代的表现优于更好的亲本。超越性变异的本质是单个基因座的效应依赖于遗传背景中的其他基因座。因此，对超越性变异的遗传解剖需要对显性基因交互作用进行建模。在这个项目的过程中，将开发和验证逐个基因型交互作用的模型(S)，这些信息是操纵非加性遗传变异的关键，可以迅速推动植物产量、适应性和质量的显著改进。此外，该项目将利用野生和外来水稻种质创建一个全面的基因组学平台，以加快发现水稻超亲变异的基因和基因网络，用于植物改良。具体目标是(1)对30个不同的普通野生稻材料进行重新测序，以开发用于水稻的600K SNP芯片；(2)扩大野生和外来水稻种质资源的表型范围，以抵抗选定的生物和非生物胁迫；(3)创造用于关联图谱分析的遗传物质，并将发现迅速转化为植物育种应用；以及，(4)开发综合分析技术，旨在检测与遗传变异相关的非加性遗传结构。该项目旨在更深入地了解水稻基因库中基因和表型变异的广度和深度，并使水稻群体能够有效地将这些知识转化为植物改良的实际应用。教育推广活动将为高中、本科生、研究生和博士后研究员提供不同的跨学科实践学习机会，重点是目前在科学领域代表性不足的群体。该项目还将与国际水稻研究所(菲律宾)合作，继续并扩大为期3周的水稻：从研究到生产的实地课程。在该项目上开发的所有数据、种质和基因组资源将通过项目网站(www.ricedisdicsity.org和www.ricesnp.org)、谷物数据库(www.gram ene.org)、国际水稻种质中心(IRGC)和水稻遗传资源中心(GSOR)(www.gsor.gov)公开获得。

PI: Susan R. McCouch (Cornell University)CoPI(s): Jason Mezey (Cornell University), Georgia C. Eizenga and Anna M. McClung (University of Arkansas/USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center)Key Collaborator(s): Stefan Einarson (Cornell University) and Lewis H. Ziska (USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center)This project will establish a joint forward-reverse genetics platform to facilitate the utilization of wild and exotic genetic materials in plant improvement and to accelerate the pace of discovery of genes and gene networks underlying transgressive variation in rice. Transgressive variation occurs in crosses between genetically divergent parents where offspring outperform the better parent. The nature of transgressive variation is that an individual locus' effect is dependent on other loci in the genetic background. Thus, the genetic dissection of transgressive variation necessitates modeling explicit gene interactions. Over the course of this project, models of genotype by genotype interaction(s) will be developed and validated, information that is key to manipulating non-additive genetic variation that can rapidly propel significant improvements in plant yield, adaptation and quality. In addition, this project will create a comprehensive genomics platform using wild and exotic rice germplasm to accelerate the pace of discovery of genes and gene networks underlying transgressive variation in rice for plant improvement. Specific objectives are to (1) re-sequence 30 diverse Oryza rufipogon accessions for the development of a 600K SNP chip for rice; (2) phenotype an expanded panel of wild and exotic rice germplasm for resistance to selected biotic and abiotic stresses; (3) create genetic materials for use in association mapping analyses and to rapidly translate discoveries into plant breeding applications; and, (4) develop integrated analysis techniques aimed at detecting non-additive genetic architecture associated with transgressive variation.This project aims to gain a deeper understanding of the breadth and depth of genotypic and phenotypic variation within the rice gene pool and to empower the rice community to efficiently translate this knowledge into practical applications in plant improvement. Educational outreach activities will provide diverse opportunities for interdisciplinary, hands-on learning for high school, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral fellows with emphasis on groups that are currently under-represented in science. The project will also continue and expand the 3-week Rice:Research to Production field-course in collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (the Philippines). All of the data, germplasm and genomic resources developed on this project will be publicly available through project websites (www.ricediversity.org and www.ricesnp.org), the Gramene database (www.gramene.org), the International Rice Germplasm Center (IRGC), and the Genetic Stocks Center Oryza (GSOR) (www.gsor.gov).