Ocean Acidification Category 1 Collaborative Research: RUI: Synergistic Effects of Temperature and pH Variability on Physiology, Transcriptome and Proteome of Porcelain Crabs

由于大气中二氧化碳水平的增加，海洋环境正在变得更加酸性；这种气体溶解于海水中，正在推动一种被称为海洋酸化的过程。然而，生活在海底的生物(例如螃蟹、海星和牡蛎)由于其生物学活动，其PH值(酸度)的每日变化比大气中二氧化碳水平增加所造成的变化更大。这个项目解决了海洋酸度增加(随着时间的推移变化缓慢)与这些动物经历的每日pH变化对瓷蟹的比较影响。将评估pH值和温度同时变化的影响，并将确定早期生活史阶段(即螃蟹幼虫)是否比成年蟹对海洋酸化更敏感。将被测量的反应包括外壳的钙化、新陈代谢、基因表达的改变和蛋白质的修饰。这项研究有望在生物组织的多个层次上产生新的、具有生态重要性的信息，关于海洋酸化对沿海海洋生物的影响。广泛的影响：这项研究将为研究生和本科生提供生物化学、基因组学、生理学和生态学方面的跨学科培训。属于在科学领域代表性不足的团体的学生将通过旧金山州立大学学生充实机会办公室的项目以及加州保利大学和汉考克大学之间的合作进行招生。研究人员将把这项研究纳入他们的本科生理学课程，强调主动学习。为对生态生理学感兴趣的研究人员举办的蛋白质组学研讨会将在加州理工大学圣路易斯奥比斯波举行。研究人员将发表关于海洋酸化和气候变化的公开讲座，并在流行媒体上就这些主题撰写文章。将在龙贝格·蒂伯隆中心和加州波利圣路易斯·奥比斯波举办旨在加强气候变化生物学中等教育的教师培训讲习班。

Marine environments are becoming more acidic as a result of increased atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide; this gas dissolves in sea water and is driving a process known as ocean acidification. However, organisms that live on the ocean floor (e.g. crabs, sea stars and oysters) experience, as a result of their biological activity, daily variations in their pH (acidity) that are greater than those caused by the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This project addresses the comparative effects on porcelain crabs of increased ocean acidity (which changes slowly over years) with the daily variation in pH that these animals experience. The impacts of simultaneous changes in pH and temperature will be assessed, and it will be determined if early life history stages (i.e., crab larvae) are more sensitive to ocean acidification than adults. The responses that will be measured include calcification of the shell, metabolism, altered expression of genes and the modification of proteins. This research is expected to produce new and ecologically important information, across multiple levels of biological organization, about the impacts of ocean acidification on a coastal marine organism.Broader Impacts: This research will provide interdisciplinary training for graduate and undergraduate students in biochemistry, genomics, physiology and ecology. Students who are members of groups underrepresented in science will be recruited through programs at the San Francisco State University Student Enrichment Opportunity office, and through collaboration between Cal Poly and Hancock University. The investigators will incorporate this research in their undergraduate physiology classes, which emphasize active learning. A workshop on proteomics for researchers interested in ecological physiology will be conducted at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. The investigators will present public lectures on ocean acidification and climate change, and write articles on these topics in the popular press. Teacher training workshops designed to enhance secondary education in climate change biology will be conducted at the Romberg Tiburon Center and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo.