Development of an Antarctic Gravity Wave Imaging Network (ANGWIN) for Collaborative Mesospheric Research

资助本提案的目的是实现对短周期（1小时）中间层重力波的性质、变率和动量通量及其对南极大陆的主要来源和影响进行量化的总体目标。这些测量非常重要，因为已知具有小水平尺度和大振幅和动量通量的重力波提供了中间层中大部分的平均和可变强迫。来自南极洲的探索性气辉研究揭示了丰富的中间层波活动和波传播方向的强各向异性以及不同地点动量通量的巨大差异。由于这些结果表明强烈的区域变异性，重力波对广大南极大陆上中间层动力学的总体影响仍然未知。建议实施一个国际南极重力波成像网（ANGWIN），该网将提供在包括整个南极大陆的选定地点调查中间层重力波的特殊能力。该网络将利用现有的八个完善的国家研究站的光学和雷达测量能力，这些研究站战略性地位于哈雷湾（英国）、Syowa（日本）、Davis（澳大利亚）、麦克默多和南极（美国）以及罗瑟拉（英国）、费拉兹（巴西）、沃尔纳德斯基（乌克兰）等南极半岛的大陆海岸。作为该项目的一部分，红外（IR）全天中间层OH成像仪将安装在戴维斯、麦克默多和哈雷，以及一个全天近红外成像仪将安装在韦尔纳德斯基，以增强现有的仪器，并创造一个前所未有的能力来研究每个站点的重力波特性。重要的是，ANGWIN为国际南极研究界创造了一个新的机会，使他们能够共同努力，产生远远超过个人能够取得的“高影响力”科学。预计提议的协作成像网络将对美国国内外的研究生教育做出重大贡献，并将为研究生带来重要的新研究机会。

This proposal is funded to achieve the overarching goal quantifying the properties, variability and momentum fluxes of short period (1 hour) mesospheric gravity waves and their dominant sources and effects over the Antarctic continent. These measurements are of high importance as gravity waves having small horizontal scales and large amplitudes and momentum fluxes are known to provide the majority of the mean and variable forcing in the mesosphere. Exploratory airglow studies from Antarctica have revealed a wealth of mesospheric wave activity and strong anisotropy in wave propagation headings and associated large differences in momentum fluxes at different sites. As these results suggest strong regional variability, the overall impact of gravity waves on the mesospheric dynamics over the vast Antarctic continent remains unknown. It is proposed to implement an international ANtarctic Gravity Wave Imaging Network (ANGWIN) that will provide an exceptional capability for investigating mesospheric gravity waves at selected sites encompassing the entire Antarctic continent. This network will capitalize on existing optical and radar measurement capabilities at eight well-established national research stations, strategically located around the continental coast at Halley Bay (UK), Syowa (Japan), Davis (Australia), McMurdo and South Pole (USA), and Rothera (UK), Ferraz (Brazil), Vernadsky (Ukraine) on the Antarctic Peninsula. As part of this project, the infrared (IR) all-sky mesospheric OH imagers will be installed at Davis, McMurdo, and Halley, and an all-sky near-IR imager at Vernadsky to augment the existing instrumentation and create an unprecedented capability for studying gravity wave properties at each site. It is important that ANGWIN create a novel opportunity for the international Antarctic research community to work together producing "high impact" science well above that which can be achieved individually. It is anticipated that the proposed collaborative imaging network will contribute substantially to graduate student education, both within the U.S. and abroad, and will lead to significant new research opportunities for graduate students.