Investigating Wave-Driven Mesospheric Dynamics Over South Pole Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper

过去几年在南极站运行的新型红外高级中间层温度映射器(AMTM)使科学家能够在不受极光支配的新光谱范围内测量高纬度南极中间层和低温层(MLT，~80-100公里高度)区域的重力波，并具有比以前可能的更高的时间分辨率，从而为科学探测能力的重大进步打开了大门。拟议的研究将继续有助于：(1)更好地了解南极大陆上空重力波的多样性和变异性以及与之相关的MLT区域的动量输送；(2)获得有关高纬度地区最丰富的重力波来源的新知识。这两个领域在大气工程学领域都是重要的未知数，但它们对于增进对重力波对大尺度大气运动的影响和MLT可变性的理解至关重要。拟议的新观测将建立在AMTM初始计划的基础上，并将充分利用来自其他共同定位仪器的可用的风和温度数据，以异常详细地量化南极上空的波浪驱动的动态。这些数据将大大有助于最近资助的南极重力波成像网络(Angwin)计划，该计划将汇集南极大陆周围八个关键地点(包括南极)的多台仪器测量数据，以调查南极中间层和低热层在区域和大陆尺度上的大场动力学年际变化。使用最近部署在挪威阿洛马尔北极天文台的AMTM进行的新测量将进一步使科学家能够比较和对比北极和南极洲MLT区域的波浪驱动的动力学。本研究也有助于青年科学家和本科生的培养和教育。

The novel infrared Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM), operated at the South Pole Station over last few years, has opened the door to major advancements in the scientific exploration capabilities by enabling scientists to measure gravity waves in the high-latitude Antarctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT, ~80-100 km altitude) region in a new spectral range that is not dominated by aurora, and with a much higher temporal resolution than was previously possible. The proposed research will continue contributing to (1) a far greater understanding of the diversity and variability of gravity waves over the Antarctic continent and their associated momentum transport in the MLT region, and (2) acquired new knowledge of the gravity waves most copious sources at the high-latitudes. Both of these areas are significant unknowns within the aeronomy community, yet they are critical to improving the understanding of gravity wave impacts on larger-scale atmospheric motions, and MLT variability. The proposed new observations will build on the AMTM initial program and will take full advantage of available wind and temperature data from other co-located instruments to quantify the wave-driven dynamics over South Pole in exceptional detail. These data will contribute significantly to the recently funded ANtarctic Gravity Wave Imaging Network (ANGWIN) program that will bring together multi-instrument measurements from eight key sites around the Antarctic continent, including South Pole, to investigate the large-field dynamics inter-annual variability of the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere at the regional and continental scales. New measurements using the AMTM that has been recently deployed at the ALOMAR Arctic Observatory in Norway will further enable scientists to compare and contrast the wave-driven dynamics of the Arctic and Antarctica MLT regions. This research also contributes to the training and education of both the young scientists and undergraduate students.