CAREER: Micro- and Nano- Scale Plasma Discharges in High Density Fluids

1057175 StaackCAREER：高密度流体中的微米和纳米尺度等离子体放电这项研究将推动等离子体物理学的当前边界，以创建和控制最小的等离子体放电。目标是找出如何制造和使用纳米等离子体放电作为工具，用于高度局部化的诊断和修改的问题。此外，这项拟议的工作将增加公众和未来的研究生接触到令人兴奋的和跨学科领域的等离子体engineering.This拟议的研究实验研究微观和纳米尺度的液体放电。通过使用纳秒持续时间的电压脉冲、纳米级电极和诸如液体的高密度介质，可以产生尺寸小至10 s-100 s纳米的等离子体放电。这种系统非常复杂，具有等离子体产生的各种效应，包括：电泳、冲击波、自由基物质产生、非平衡条件、发光、高压和高温。将通过电压脉冲控制来测量和操纵小放电中的热力学状态的时间演变，以强调特定应用的期望效果。诊断将包括亚纳秒时间分辨率显微可视化，光学发射光谱（OES），纹影成像和水听器。实验结果将与分析和低阶模型相关联，将该系统与水下电和激光诱导击穿的现有理论进行比较。这些结果将被捆绑到开发课程材料，并传播给学生，公众和研究同行。智力优势：这项研究的假设是，纳米等离子体放电可以通过控制电极尺寸和电压施加来增强各种物理，化学，辐射或热效应。这项高密度流体中微小放电的研究将当前低温等离子体物理的极限推向了更小的尺寸和更高的电子密度。诊断技术也将在这一新的制度中发展。还将探索一些潜在变革应用的概念验证测试，例如：液体的阿升体积的化学分析;细胞内手术和诊断;无掩模纳米图案化;自下而上的纳米纤维;和流体动力学流量控制。这些独特的小尺寸、高能量密度和发光系统的未来潜在应用包括：纳米级热核装置;用于近场光学技术的亚波长可见光和紫外光源;电光互连以及纳米级等离子体中尚未探索的量子限制效应。等离子体-液体相互作用及其应用的研究是重要的，因为它是等离子体物理学的一个新领域，新技术和新发现已经成熟。同样，材料和工艺的纳米级操作也很重要。拟议的研究重点是非常基本的方面，机制和应用与纳米等离子体。作为一种新的系统，它也具有新的商业应用潜力。为了加强教育影响，该提案将：1）在等离子体工程的跨学科领域培训和接触本科生，硕士生和博士生，2）开发一个新的等离子体工程本科课程，包括实验室演示，3）为几个国际会议开发一个关于纳米等离子体和液体中等离子体的研讨会和研讨会，4）专注于提高国内学生（包括代表性不足的学生）的研究生院参与度，5）创建YouTube和维基百科内容，以激发和告知公众有关等离子体的信息。

1057175StaackCAREER: Micro- and Nano- Scale Plasma Discharges in High Density FluidsThis research will push the current boundaries of plasma physics to create and control the smallest plasma discharges. The goal is to find out how to make and to use nanoscale plasma discharges as tools for the highly localized diagnostics and modification of matter. Furthermore this proposed work will increase the exposure of the general public and future graduate student to the exciting and interdisciplinary field of plasma engineering.This proposed research experimentally investigates micro- and nano- scale discharges in liquids. By using nanosecond duration voltage pulses, nanoscale electrodes, and a high density medium such as a liquid, plasma discharges as small as 10s-100s of nanometers in size can be created. Such systems are very complicated with various effects of the plasma generation including: electrophoresis, shock waves, radical species generation, non-equilibrium conditions, light emission, high pressures and high temperatures. The temporal evolution of the thermodynamic state in the small discharges will be measured and manipulated by voltage pulse control to emphasize desired effects for a particular application. Diagnostics will include sub-ns temporal resolution microscopic visualization, optical emission spectroscopy (OES), Schlieren imaging and hydrophones. The experimental results will be correlated with analytical and low-order models comparing the system to existing theories on underwater electrical and laser induced breakdown. These results will be tied into developing course material, and disseminated to students, the general public, and research peers. Intellectual Merit: The hypothesis of this research is that nanoscale plasma discharges can be created to accentuate various physical, chemical, radiative, or thermal effects by controlling the electrode size, and voltage application. This study of miniscule discharges in high density fluids pushes the limits of current low temperature plasma physics to smaller sizes and higher electron densities. Diagnostic techniques will also be developed in this new regime. Proof of concept tests for some potentially transformative applications will also be explored such as: the chemical analysis of attoliter volumes of liquids; intracellular surgery and diagnostics; maskless nanopatterning; bottom-up nanofabrication; and hydrodynamic flow control. Future potential applications of these unique small size, high energy density, and luminous systems are: nanoscale thermonuclear devices; sub-wavelength visible and UV light sources for near field optical techniques; electro-optical interconnects and, yet unexplored quantum confinement effects in nanoscale plasmas.Broader Impact: The study of such plasma liquid interaction and their applications is important as it is a new regime of plasma physics ripe for new technologies and discoveries. Similarly the nanoscale manipulation of materials and processes is also important. The proposed research focuses on very fundamental aspects, mechanisms and applications with nanoscale plasmas. As a novel system it also has potential for new commercial applications. To enhance educational impacts this proposal will: 1) train and exposure undergraduate, master and doctoral students in the cross disciplinary field of plasma engineering, 2) develop a new undergraduate course on Plasma Engineering including laboratory demonstrations, 3) develop a workshop and seminars on nanoscale plasmas and plasmas in liquids for several international meetings, 4) focus on increasing graduate school participation of domestic students including the underrepresented, and 5) create You-Tube and Wikipedia content to excite and inform the general public about plasmas.