Common neural substrates for uncertainty processing in decision-making and perception

生活中的大多数决定都是基于不完整的信息和不确定的后果。为了成功地应对现实生活中的情况，神经系统必须在各个层面上估计、表现并最终解决不确定性。在这里，我们建议测试两种不同形式的不确定性的共同神经起源的假设：感知和认知不确定性。感知不确定性源于复杂刺激到感官信号映射的模糊性。认知不确定性源于与行动相关的结果（奖励、惩罚）的随机性。知觉不确定性在多稳定图形（如Necker立方体）的竞争中找到了一个主要的测试平台：尽管对刺激的两种或两种以上的解释与输入和先验知识同样一致，但视觉系统在任何时间点都解决了这种不确定性，这样观察者就会体验到独特的感知。认知不确定性很容易被赌博范例引入，例如äs抛硬币。通过结合这些范例——竞争和赌博——提议的项目解决了两种形式的不确定性的共同基础：感知和认知的不确定性如何在行为和神经上相互作用，影响决策？

Most decisions in life are based on incomplete information and have uncertain consequences. To successfully cope with real-life situations, the nervous System has to estimate, represent and eventually resolve uncertainty at various levels. Here we | propose to test the hypothesis of a common neural origin for two distinct forms of l uncertainty: perceptual and cognitive uncertainty. Perceptual uncertainty arises from the ambiguity in the mapping from complex Stimuli to sensory Signals. Cognitive uncertainty arises from the stochastic nature of outcomes (rewards, penalties) associated with actions. Perceptual uncertainty finds a prime testbed in rivalry of multi-stable figures (e.g., the Necker cube): although two or more interpretations of the Stimulus are equally consistent with input and prior knowledge, the visual System at any point in time resolves this uncertainty, such that the observer experiences a unique percept. Cognitive uncertainty is readily introduced by gambling paradigms, such äs coin flips. By combining these paradigms - rivalry and gambling - the proposed project addresses the joint basis of both forms of uncertainty: how do perceptual and cognitive uncertainty interact behaviourally and neurally to affect decision-making?