SHF: Small: RESYST: Resilience via Synergistic Redundancy and Fault Tolerance for High-End Computing

在高端计算（HEC）中，在几十万核的集群上进行并行计算，故障已经成为常态，而不是例外。随着核心数量的增加，依赖于检查点/重启（C/R）机制的容错技术的开销也在增加。在50%的开销下，冗余是故障恢复的可行替代方案，而且实际上是可扩展的，这使得该方法对HEC具有吸引力。这项工作的目标是通过将基于C/ r的容错与HEC安装中的冗余相结合，开发一种协同方法，以实现高水平的弹性。这项工作减轻了当前容错实践的可伸缩性限制。它有助于故障建模以及故障检测和恢复，通过在故障存在时控制冗余级别和检查点间隔，大大改进了现有技术。它具有变革性，因为它提供了一个模型，用户可以在使用额外资源的代价下选择目标故障概率。

In High-End Computing (HEC), faults have become the norm rather than the exception for parallel computation on clusters with 10s/100s of thousands of cores. As the core count increases, so does the overhead for fault-tolerant techniques relying on checkpoint/restart(C/R) mechanisms. At 50% overheads, redundancy is a viable alternative to fault recovery and actually scales, which makes the approach attractive for HEC.The objective of this work to the develop a synergistic approach by combining C/R-based fault tolerance with redundancy in HEC installations to achieve high levels of resilience.This work alleviates scalability limitations of current fault tolerant practices. It contributes to fault modeling as well as fault detection and recovery in significantly advancing existing techniques by controlling levels of redundancy and checkpointing intervals in the presence of faults. It is transformative in providing a model where users select a target failure probability at the price of using additional resources.