Doctoral Dissertation Research in Science of Science and Innovation Policy: From the Lab to the Shelf-Changes in the Commercialization of Scientific Discoveries in the US and Japan

该项目考察了有关科学知识商业化的政策如何塑造大学科学家对校企合作的看法和实践，重点是比较美国和日本的经验。它采用深度访谈的方法来描述文化、组织网络、政策安排和科学职业之间的相互关系。本研究对美国和日本的科学社会学、校企合作和科技政策等方面的文献有贡献。生物技术研究通常使用网络层面或政策层面的分析。虽然这些都很重要，但研究并没有集中在这些因素以及其他因素如何共同影响个人对商业化的选择上。该项目比较了两个社会文化不同的地点，重点关注有影响力的大学科学家的工作-语用学和职业，以及他们与工业界的合作。它揭示了网络、文化、制度安排和政策在美国和日本之间的商业化实践中产生惊人和意想不到的差异的过程。该研究为政策制定者提供了一个独特的视角来研究不同文化和制度背景下校企合作的基层管理。它为政策变化对科学家的潜在影响提供了新的见解，科学家是创新系统中越来越重要的元素。

The project examines how policies regarding commercialization of scientific knowledge shape university scientists' perceptions and practices of university-industry collaboration, focusing on comparing the US and Japanese experiences. It uses in-depth interview methods to delineate the interrelationship between culture, organizational networks, policy arrangements and scientific careers.Intellectual Merit This research contributes to the literature on the sociology of science, university-firm collaboration, and science and technology policy in the United States and Japan. Studies of biotechnology usually use either a network level or a policy level analysis. Although these are important, research has not focused on the ways in which these factors, alongside others, come together to shape individual choices regarding commercialization. The project compares two socio-culturally different sites, and focuses on the work-pragmatics and careers of influential university scientists and their collaborations with industry. It sheds new light on the processes through which networks, culture, institutional arrangements and policy produce the striking and unexpected differences in commercialization practices between the US and Japan. Broader Impact The study offers policy-makers a unique perspective into the ground-level management of university-firm collaborations in different cultural and institutional contexts. It provides new insights into the potential impacts of policy change on scientists who are increasingly important elements of the innovation system.