Fundamental Investigation and Development of Screw Dislocation-Driven Nanowire Growth

技术概述：该项目由固态和材料化学计划支持，旨在开发合理的设计和合成一维(1D)纳米线材料，其生长由螺位错驱动，并研究其基本特性。纳米线和其他一维纳米材料具有有趣的性质，已经在纳米电子学、纳米光子学、太阳能转换、热电和储能方面得到了许多应用。宋进教授和他的学生们发现了一种与传统的金属催化纳米线生长完全不同的纳米线生长机制，即轴向螺位错驱动各向异性的一维晶体生长，从而形成一维纳米结构。该项目将经典晶体生长理论与现代纳米材料合成相结合，致力于螺位错驱动纳米线生长的基础研究和发展，以扩展其在不同材料中的通用性，展示其在创造更复杂纳米结构方面的多功能性，放大纳米线的溶液无催化剂生长，并了解位错驱动纳米线的物理性质。这一认识将为一维纳米材料的合理设计和合成创造一个新的维度，并能够开发一种无催化剂的生长机制，用于大规模/低成本的一维纳米材料的不同应用。非技术综述：纳米线和其他一维(1D)纳米材料在纳米电子学、纳米光子学、太阳能转换、热电和储能方面有着重要的应用。宋进教授和他的学生发现了一种不同的合成纳米线材料的方法，这种材料是由螺位错缺陷驱动的。这种新的纳米线生长机制将被研究和进一步发展，以便合理地利用其显著的优势，为一维纳米材料的合成开辟新的维度，特别是在大规模和低成本的溶液生长方面。拟议的研究可能会对一维纳米材料的合理合成产生变革性的影响，这将使这些材料的各种大规模应用成为可能，例如在可再生能源中。此外，将把教育和宣传与该项目中的积极研究结合起来，招募人数不足的本科生参加纳米材料研究，为纳米科学和纳米技术网络课程开发新的模块，并进一步为高中生和教师举办纳米科学讲习班。

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:This project supported by Solid State and Materials Chemistry Program seeks to develop the rational design and synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanowire materials whose growth is driven by screw dislocations and to investigate their fundamental characteristics. Nanowires and other 1D nanomaterials possess interesting properties that have already found many applications in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, solar energy conversion, thermoelectrics, and energy storage. Professor Song Jin and his students had discovered a nanowire growth mechanism completely different from the traditional metal-catalyzed nanowire growth, in which axial screw dislocations drive the anisotropic 1D crystal growth and enable the formation of 1D nanostructures. Bridging classical crystal growth theories with modern nanomaterial synthesis, this project focuses on the fundamental investigation and development of screw dislocation-driven nanowire growth to extend its generality among diverse materials, demonstrate the versatility in creating more complex nanostructures, scale up the solution catalyst-free growth of nanowires, and understand the physical properties of dislocation-driven nanowires. This understanding will create a new dimension in the rational design and synthesis of 1D nanomaterials and enable exploitation of a catalyst-free growth mechanism for large scale/low cost solution growth of 1D nanomaterials for diverse applications. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY:Nanowires and other one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials have significant applications in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, solar energy conversion, thermoelectrics, and energy storage. Professor Song Jin and his students had discovered a different way of synthesizing nanowire materials that are driven by screw dislocation defects. This new mechanism of nanowire growth will be studied and further developed so that its significant advantages can be rationally exploited to open up a new dimension in the synthesis of 1D nanomaterials, especially for large scale and low cost solution growth. The proposed research can potentially have transformative impacts on the rational synthesis of 1D nanomaterials that will enable a variety of large scale applications of these materials, such as in renewable energy. Furthermore, education and outreach will be integrated with active research in this project by recruiting underrepresented undergraduate students to participate in nanomaterial research, by developing new modules for a web course on nanoscience and nanotechnology, and by further developing a nanoscience workshop for high school students and teachers.