GOALI: Tailoring the Electronic Structure of Few-Layer Graphene for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications

技术：该GALI项目旨在发展对几层石墨烯的关键电子和光学性质的系统了解，并将这些知识应用于探索性电子和光子设备。该项目涉及学术界(哥伦比亚大学和凯斯西储大学)和产业界(IBM T·J·沃森研究中心)之间的合作。最近的研究表明，单层石墨烯具有显著的电子和光学性质。少层石墨烯保留了单层石墨烯的许多独特性质，同时在电子结构上也提供了更多的灵活性，包括可调带隙的可用性。通过这一研究项目，科学家们研究了掺杂、电场和晶体堆积如何改变几层石墨烯材料的性质。支持这些研究的测量技术包括电传输特性、光学、红外和太赫兹光谱范围内的光吸收以及声子的拉曼光谱。这项研究考察了原始的几层石墨烯样品和静电栅极器件结构中的薄膜，这种结构允许调节载流子密度和施加的电场。从这些研究中获得的知识将有助于对少层石墨烯独特的电子和光电子器件应用的研究，例如具有高开关比的场效应管和可调红外探测器和发射器。非技术性：这个项目解决了材料科学中具有潜在技术相关性的热门领域的基础研究问题。这项研究调查了几层石墨烯的电子和光学性质，这是一种由只有几个原子层厚度的有序碳膜组成的材料。该项目利用这一知识来检验基于这种新材料系统的电子和光子器件模型。这项研究的成功将扩大我们对几层石墨烯中电子的性质以及它们与电场和光的相互作用的基本理解。此外，少层石墨烯在电子和光子学中的应用可能会对从信息技术到环境监测的各个领域产生影响。通过产业界和学术界的综合合作，该项目为研究生和本科生提供材料和设备制造、表征和建模方面的培训机会。

Technical: This GOALI project aims to develop a systematic understanding of the key electronic and optical properties of few-layer graphene and to apply this knowledge to exploratory electronic and photonic devices. The project involves collaboration between academia (Columbia University and Case Western Reserve University) and industry (IBM T. J. Watson Research Center). Recent research has revealed the remarkable electronic and optical properties of single-layer graphene. Few-layer graphene retains many of the unique properties of single-layer graphene while also providing much more flexibility in electronic structure, including the availability of a tunable band gap. Through this research project, scientists investigate how doping, electric fields and crystallographic stacking alter the properties of few-layer graphene material. Measurement techniques supporting these investigations include electrical transport characterization, light absorption in the optical, infrared, and terahertz spectral ranges, and Raman spectroscopy of phonons. The studies examine both pristine few-layer graphene samples and films in electrostatically gated device structures, which allow tuning of carrier densities and applied electric fields. The knowledge gained from these investigations will inform research on distinctive electronic and optoelectronic device applications of few-layer graphene, such as field-effect transistors with high on-off ratios and tunable infrared detectors and emitters.Non-technical: This project addresses basic research issues in a topical area of materials science with potential technological relevance. The research investigates the electronic and optical properties of few-layer graphene, a material that consists of ordered carbon films of just a few atomic layers in thickness. The project uses this knowledge to examine model electronic and photonic devices based on this novel material system. Success of the research will expand our fundamental understanding of the properties of electrons in few-layer graphene and their interaction with electric fields and light. In addition, applications of few-layer graphene in electronics and photonics have the potential to impact fields ranging from information technology to environmental monitoring. Through integrated industry-academia collaboration, the program provides opportunities for the training of graduate and undergraduate students in materials and in device fabrication, characterization and modeling.