CSR:Small:Kalipers-Deep Energy Inspection of Operating System Components

各类计算机所使用的电能正变得越来越重要。运行大型服务器操作成本的一个主要组成部分是电力，而另一方面，笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、平板电脑和其他便携式设备的效用受到电池的高度限制。为操作提供动力的能力。计算机耗电量的一个重要组成部分是操作系统，即控制计算机的软件所消耗的电量。年代的操作。不同的操作系统选项对机器的影响知之甚少。由于现有技术难以精确测量电力使用情况并正确地将所消耗的电力归因于其真实来源，因此美国的电力预算。因此，很难确定调度算法替代方案、不同形式的内存管理或操作系统提供的不同安全选项对功率的影响是好的、坏的还是一般的。Kalipers项目将通过使用新技术来获得有关操作系统组件对机器功率使用的重要影响的详细和可靠信息，从而解决这一问题。Kalipers将通过一个名为LEAP的独特硬件/软件平台的实验项目来实现这一目标。我们已经构建并测试过的LEAP平台允许对特定代码段进行细粒度的功率使用分配。它还测量重要系统组件（如CPU、内存和硬盘驱动器）的不同功耗。我们会使用LEAP吗？能够确定操作系统操作和决策如何影响那些强烈需要最小化其电力预算的平台的电力使用。我们的实验将集中在三个方面：文件系统、内存管理和安全服务。这些都是我们有经验的领域，我们有理由相信可以节省电力。我们将研究替代技术（例如不同文件系统的电源成本，或者软件与硬件的全磁盘加密）。LEAP技术将使我们能够更深入地研究不同系统组件的功耗成本，使我们能够阐明一些问题，例如ext3的较高功耗成本在多大程度上是由于其实现细节造成的，以及它们在多大程度上是该文件系统的日志记录特性所固有的。我们还将重新实现操作系统的关键组件，以演示如何使用我们获得的知识来改进系统。S功耗。

The electrical power used by all classes of computers is becoming of increasing importance. A major component of the cost of running large server operations is power, and, on the other end, the utility of laptops, palmtops, pads, and other portable devices is highly constrained by their batteries? capacity to power operations. One important element of the power used by computers is that burned by the operating system, the software that controls the computer?s operation. Little is known about the impact different operating system options have on a machine?s power budget, due to difficulties with existing technology in precisely measuring power use and correctly ascribing power expended to its true source. Thus, determining if scheduling algorithm alternatives, different forms of memory management, or different security options offered by the operating system have good, bad, or neutral power impacts has been difficult. The Kalipers project will address this issue by using new technology to obtain detailed and reliable information about how important operating system components affect machine power use.Kalipers will achieve this goal through a program of experimentation using a unique hardware/software platform called LEAP. The LEAP platform, which we have already built and tested, allows fine-grained assignments of power use to particular piece of code. It also measures the differing power consumption by important system components, such as the CPU, the memory, and the hard drive. We will use the LEAP?s capabilities to determine how operating system actions and decisions affect the power use of platforms that have strong needs to minimize their power budget.Our experiments will be concentrated in three areas: file systems, memory management, and security services. These are areas we have experience in and where we have reason to believe power savings can be found. We will investigate alternative technologies (such as the power costs of different file systems, or software vs. hardware full disk encryption). The LEAP technology will allow us to dive more deeply into the power costs of different system components, allowing us to shed light on issues like the degree to which higher power costs for ext3 are due to its implementation details and the degree to which they are inherent in the journaling nature of that file system. We will also reimplement key components of the operating system to demonstrate how the knowledge we have gained can be used to improve a system?s power consumption.