Extended Exponence in Cross-Linguistic Perspective

在纳克-达吉斯坦语系的纳克语系的巴茨比语中，性别-数量一致的标记可以同时出现在单个动词形式的几个位置上。以这种方式重复标记被称为扩展指数。直到最近，人们还普遍认为，屈折变化，如性别数字一致标记，必然限于单词的边缘，没有一种语言会重复标记与某一特定特征或一组特征的一致。然而，这种重复出现在纳赫-达吉斯坦语系的几种语言中，也存在于藏缅语的基兰蒂亚族的几种语言中，以及在其他语言中。性别-数字编码的重复引发了类型分布(例如，这种模式是否只出现在某些类型的语言中？)、历时起源(这种模式如何以及为什么起源？)和语言理论(我们如何解释这种类型的系统？)的问题。这项研究的目标包括：(A)描述句型在跨语言方面的可能变异；(B)说明句型的限制条件(如果有的话)；(C)描述这些句型在所研究的语言中的起源。该项目的一个影响将是提高将被研究的濒危语言的地位，从而鼓励说话者保护它们。该项目为阿塞拜疆共和国和俄罗斯达吉斯坦的语言学和其他学术领域提供支持。收集阿奇语和吉纳卢格语的文本将为将来编辑这些文本奠定基础，为记录这些濒危语言做出贡献

In Batsbi, a language of the Nakh group of the Nakh-Daghestanian language family, markers of gender-number agreement can occur simultaneously in several positions in a single verb form. Repetition of markers in this way has been called extended exponence. Until recently, it was widely believed that inflection, such as the gender-number agreement marker, was necessarily restricted to the edges of words, and that no language had repeated marking of agreement with a particular feature or set of features. However, such repetition is found in several of the languages of the Nakh-Daghestanian family, as well as in several in the Kiranti subgroup of Tibeto-Burman, and in other languages. The repetition of gender- number encoding raises questions of typological distribution (for example, do such patterns occur only in languages of certain types?), diachronic origin (how and why do such patterns originate?), and linguistic theory (how can we account for systems of this type?). The goals of this research include (a) characterization of variation possible in the pattern cross-linguistically, (b) a statement of constraints on the pattern, if any, and (c) a description of the origins of these patterns in the languages studied. One impact of this project will be in enhancing the status of the endangered languages to be studied, thus encouraging speakers to preserve them. The project provides support for linguistics and other academic fields in the Republic of Azerbaijan and in Daghestan, Russia. Collecting texts in Archi and Khinalug will lay the foundation for editing these texts in the future as a contribution to the documentation of these endangered languages