Impulsive and reflective trust and the transition to parenthood

这项研究提出了一个信任模型，以描述在过渡到为人父母的过程中培养持续满意度的背景和心理因素。在人际关系中，信任起着传递方法安全信号的作用。冲动性信任对应于对合作伙伴的自动评估关联。反思性信任对应于经过深思熟虑的关于伴侣做出回应的动机的信念。提出的模型预测，冲动的信任可以通过维持满意度的方式来预防对伴侣反应能力的担忧。这个项目涉及到一项纵向的、多方法的过渡到为人父母的研究。在该项目范围内开展的工作在几个方面都很有希望。首先，它提出了一个双过程模型来预测重大人生转变期间的关系满意度。此前还没有研究考察冲动性或反思性信任对过渡到为人父母的满意度的单独或联合影响。其次，密切关系领域的研究和理论才刚刚开始探索双过程模型。这个项目是第一个研究在(实验室和日常生活中)对利益冲突作出建设性反应与破坏性反应的自动和受控过程。第三，人们准确反思自己的经历的能力有限，可能会阻碍人们对促进关系满意度和稳定性的因素的科学理解。重要的是，这项工作可以通过关注不需要有意识地洞察行为的反应(即挑战/威胁心血管反应，假设-那么意外情况)来揭示规避这些限制的方法。除了科学价值外，即将开展的研究还有望带来社会效益。这项研究可能会确定在过渡到为人父母的过程中加强关系的易处理的干预点。它还可以揭示如何加强冲动的信任可以帮助脆弱的人(例如，自尊较低的人)在人际关系中茁壮成长。鉴于人际关系对生活幸福的中心地位，这项研究的结果应该会引起心理学领域和普通公众的广泛兴趣。此外，该项目还涉及对在高级数据分析技术和心理生理学方面代表性不足的研究生和本科生进行培训。这所大学是种族和社会经济多元化社区的一部分，这将在研究团队的参与者和研究生和本科生成员中得到反映。

This research advances a model of trust to delineate contextual and psychological factors that foster sustained satisfaction across the transition to parenthood. In relationships, trust functions to signal the safety of approach. Impulsive trust corresponds to automatic evaluative associations to the partner. Reflective trust corresponds to considered beliefs about the partner's motivation to be responsive. The proposed model predicts that being impulsively trusting can inoculate against concerns about the partner's responsiveness in ways that sustain satisfaction. This project involves a longitudinal, multimethod study of the transition to parenthood. The work to be conducted within the scope of the project is promising on several fronts. First, it advances a dual-process model to predict relationship satisfaction over a major life transition. No previous research has examined the singular or joint effects of impulsive or reflective trust on satisfaction over the transition to parenthood. Second, research and theory in the close relationships area has only begun to explore dual-process models. This project is the first to investigate the automatic and controlled processes involved in responding constructively vs. destructively to conflicts-of-interest (in the lab and daily life). Third, people's limited ability to accurately introspect on their experience can impede scientific understanding of the factors that promote relationship satisfaction and stability. Importantly, this work can reveal ways to circumvent such limitations through its focus on reactions that do not require conscious insight into behavior (i.e., challenge/threat cardiovascular responses, if-then contingencies). In addition to its scientific merit, the research to be carried out promises societal benefits as well. This research could potentially identify tractable points of intervention for strengthening relationships over the transition to parenthood. It could also reveal how strengthening impulsive trust might help vulnerable people (e.g., low in self-esteem) thrive in relationships. Given the centrality of relationships for life happiness, the results of this research should generate broad interest in the field of psychology and the general public. In addition, the project involves the training of graduate and undergraduate students who are underrepresented in advanced data analytic techniques and psychophysiology. The university is part of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse community, which will be reflected in the participants and graduate and undergraduate members of the research team.