The Continous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survery: Monitoring the Plankton of the North Atlantic

连续浮游生物记录仪(CPR)调查(1931年至今)是世界上唯一一项长期的、海洋流域范围的浮游生物作业调查。该项目将继续为美国提供五年的支持，2011-2016年。美国继续提供资金将有助于维持西大西洋从冰岛到美国东部边缘的CPR路线的核心监测。人们越来越意识到，海洋生态系统的质量受到各种影响，从气候变化、酸化、富营养化、生物多样性丧失到过度捕捞。像CPR调查这样的长期观察对于评估和量化这些问题的规模和影响以及为环境管理的生态系统方法提供宏观“支柱”至关重要。作为一项长期方案，CPR调查的主要目标是保持调查的空间和时间完整性，并继续在时间序列中增加年份。其他目标包括：促进创新性海洋生态研究、数据提供和模型验证，促进国际综合观测系统和知识/政策转让。该计划期间收集的数据将帮助科学家解释海洋生物变化，并开始区分人为、气候强迫和自然浮游生物变异性。更具体地说，科学研究将围绕四个科学主题进行：(1)宏观生态和气候变化影响，包括海洋酸化；(2)生物多样性和生态系统功能变化，包括监测入侵物种；(3)海洋生物资源的可持续利用；(4)环境、污染和生态系统健康，包括监测微塑料。所有这四个主题对于增加我们对不断变化的海洋的科学理解至关重要，也是与美国海洋政策要求高度相关的。在整个项目期间，预计收集的数据将为解决这些高度热门的主题和了解这些对大西洋西北部海洋生态系统的影响提供宝贵的信息。广泛影响：这一拟议项目的更广泛影响将是广泛的，不仅有助于解决美国的海洋问题，还将对国际项目，如IGBP/SCOR国际项目以及全球海洋观测系统(GOOS)和全球地球观测系统(GEOSS)做出重大贡献。新技术允许使用分子技术对CPR样本进行分析，并收集更多的海洋信息。调查的产品还被用于构建和验证新一代生态系统、渔业和气候模型。确保CPR样本档案以及新的微生物和后生动物档案的长期维护，将使其可用于分子、生物地球化学和其他研究，从而最大限度地被更广泛的科学界使用。SAHFOS有一个联合研究员计划和教育计划，并通过制作网站www.sahfos.ac.uk、年度报告和年度生态状况报告来不断传播KT政策。

The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey (1931 to present) is the only long-term and ocean basin wide operational survey of plankton in the world. This project will provide a continuation of USA support for a further five years, 2011-2016. A continuation of funding by the USA will help maintain core monitoring by the CPR routes in the western Atlantic from Iceland down to the eastern margin of the USA. There is a growing awareness that the quality of marine ecosystems is subject to a wide range of impacts from climate change, acidification, eutrophication, loss of biodiversity to over fishing. Long-term observations like the CPR survey are critical in evaluating and quantifying the scale and effects of such issues as well as providing a macroscale "backbone" to an ecosystem approach to environmental management. As a long-term program the main objective of the CPR survey is to maintain the spatial and temporal integrity of the survey and to continue to add further years to the time series. Other objectives include: facilitating innovative marine ecological research, data provision and model validation, contributing to international and integrated observing systems and to knowledge/policy transfer.Intellectual merit: The project will help monitor and describe the long-term, pelagic variability and diversity in the NW Atlantic. The data collected during this program will help scientists to interpret marine biological changes and begin to distinguish between anthropogenic, climatically forced and natural plankton variability. More specifically scientific research will be directed along four science themes: (i) Macroecology and climate change impacts including ocean acidification; (ii) Biodiversity and changes to ecosystem functionality including monitoring invasive species; (iii) Sustainable use of marine bioresources; (iv) Environment, pollution and ecosystem health including monitoring microplastics. All these four themes are crucial to increasing our scientific understanding of our changing oceans and are highly relevant USA marine policy requirements. Throughout the duration of the project it is envisaged that the data collected will provide invaluable information in addressing these highly topical themes and understanding these impacts on the marine ecosystems of the NW Atlantic.Broader impacts: The broader impact of this proposed project will be wide and will not only contribute to addressing U.S marine issues but will also significantly contribute to international programs such as IGBP/SCOR international programs as well as the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). New technologies have allowed CPR samples to be analyzed using molecular techniques and collect additional oceanographic information. Products from the survey are also being used to construct and validate a new generation of ecosystem, fishery and climate models. Securing the long-term maintenance of the CPR sample archive as well as the new microbial and metazoan archive will maximize its use by the wider scientific community by making it available for molecular, biogeochemical and other studies. SAHFOS has an Associated Researcher Program and education program and continuously disseminates KT policy with the production of a website www.sahfos.ac.uk, Annual Reports and Annual Ecological Status Reports.