An investigation into the acceptance and the opposition of food inspection officers and food businesses towards disclosure regimes

从监管的角度来看，与越轨相关的不利后果代表着由于违反旨在防止它们的规则而造成的负面外部性。从理性选择的角度来看，医疗事故的概率随着其作者的利益而增加。它随着检测到的概率和由此产生的损失而降低。它还随着与保护生产者不受经济诱惑的社会规范的联系而减少。设计减少行为风险和防止不当行为的机制，需要了解食品企业为什么遵守或不遵守规则。我们的首次项目通过对食品检验结果和食品企业调查数据的统计分析，有助于更好地了解餐饮/零售层面的不当行为。结果表明，影响合规行为的因素不仅有经济诱因，还有社会心理因素。此外，我们发现有证据表明，柏林的信息披露制度提供了激励措施，具有显著提高合规性的潜力。尽管如此，在企业、管理人员和政策制定者中，仍有相当数量的人反对信息披露制度。强烈的反对导致2014年柏林的信息披露试点项目暂停。因此，新的与政策相关的研究问题出现了：哪些主要因素使某些社会行为者拒绝/支持披露政策？这些对手可以采取的行动是什么？如果我们了解拒绝该制度的原因，我们就可以提出有可能增加对该制度的支持的措施(例如，宣传运动、修改披露计划的设计)。我们将分析影响两个有影响力的游说团体态度的因素：食品企业和食品检查员。我们还将继续我们对行为决定因素的研究，考虑检查人员对促进企业合规和食品安全的因素和监管措施(包括披露计划)的评价。

From a regulatory perspective, adverse outcomes associated with deviance represent negative externalities that are caused by the breaking of rules designed to prevent them. From a rational choice perspective, the probability of malpractice increases with the benefits for its authors. It decreases with the probability of detection and resulting losses. It also decreases with bonds to social norms that protect producers from yielding to economic temptations. The design of mechanisms that reduce behavioural risks and prevent malpractice requires an understanFding of why food businesses obey or not obey the rules. Our first-time project contributed to a better understanding of malpractice on the restaurant/retail level through a statistical analyses of food inspection results and food businesses survey data. The results show that not only economic incentives but also social and psychological factors influence compliance behaviour. Furthermore, we found evidence that the disclosure system in Berlin provides incentives that have significant potential to increase compliance. Still, there is a considerable number of opponents of disclosure systems among businesses, administrators and policy makers. The strong opposition resulted in the suspension of the disclosure pilot projects in Berlin in 2014. Therefore, new and policy relevant research question arise: What are the main factors that make certain social actors reject/support disclosure policies? And what is the set of actions available to these opponents. If we understand the reasons for rejection of the system, we can suggest measures that have the potential to increase the support of the system (e.g. informational campaigns, modified designs of disclosure schemes). We will analyse the factors that affect the attitude of two influential lobbying groups: the food businesses and the food inspectors. We will also continue our study of behavioural determinants by considering the inspectors evaluations regarding the factors and regulatory measures (including disclosure schemes) that promote business compliance and with it food safety.