The scalar organization of environmental governance: an institutionalist perspective on the transformation of water and marine governance in the European Union

该项目旨在对欧盟自然资源治理的标量组织进行理论化。这项研究议程的灵感来自于批判性地理学家在规模政治方面的工作。本研究将探讨从制度变迁和多层次治理理论衍生的分析框架，以填补这一理论空白。此外，它将回顾制度经济学中国家的概念，评估它们是否足以捕捉到国家在所确定的动态中的作用，并进一步发展它们。所描述的过程可能意味着行政级别的变化、不同级别之间关系的变化和主管管辖区的空间划界的变化，例如，由于权力下放或采用面向流域的行政结构。该研究调查了两个欧洲指令的含义：水框架指令（WFD）和海洋战略框架指令（MSFD）。它们都对会员国及以下一级的海洋和水治理组织具有潜在的重大意义，并坚持类似的管理理念，以实现良好的水域生态状况。将对执行这些指令所导致的海洋和水治理标量重组的变化进行多案例研究。它将依赖于定性和定量数据的收集，这些数据基于半结构化访谈和对葡萄牙、西班牙和德国的二级和三级资料的审查。它具体论述了社会生态交易的作用、决策过程的结构和环境因素（如意识形态、相互依存的机构和技术）变化的作用。

The project aims to theorize the scalar organization of natural resource governance in the European Union. This research agenda is inspired by critical geographers‘ work on the politics of scale. The research will examine an analytical framework derived from theories of institutional change and multi-level govern-ance to fill this theoretical gap. Furthermore, it will review conceptualizations of the state in institutional economics, evaluate their adequacy to capture the role of the state in the dynamics identified, and de-velop them further. The described processes may imply shifts in administrative levels, shifts in relations between different levels and changes in spatial delimitations of competent jurisdictions that result, for example, from decentralization or the introduction of river basin oriented administrative structures. The research investigates the implications of two European Directives: the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). They both have potentially great significance for the organization of marine and water governance at the level of Member States and below, and adhere to similar regulatory ideas for achieving good ecological status of waters. A multiple case study on changes in the scalar reorganization of marine and water governance that result from the implementation of the Directives will be carried out. It will rely on qualitative and quantitative data gathering based on semi-structured interviews and review of secondary and tertiary sources looking at Portugal, Spain, and Germany. It specifically addresses the role of social ecological transactions, the structure of decision making processes and the role of changes in contextual factors (such as ideologies, interdependent institutions and technology).