Design and Operation of Bi-Modal Urban Networks: System-Optimum Strategies to Accommodate People's Day-Long Decisions

这项研究探索了公交车和汽车如何更有效地满足城市的出行需求。为此，这项研究(I)重新审视了人们是如何做出出行选择的，认识到一天有两个出行高峰，通勤者通过共同考虑这两个高峰来做出决定；(Ii)评估全市关于公交票价、停车价格等的政策，以诱导系统最优的出行模式；以及(Iii)制定自适应的运营策略(如计时和转弯禁令)，以确保在公交车享有优先待遇和不享有优先权的情况下，以尽可能少的拥堵适应城市最佳的公交车和小汽车交通比率。这些任务是可行的，因为伯克利分校最近在城市规模建模方面取得了进展。这些模型都通过模拟和真实世界的实验进行了测试。如果成功，这项工作将是第一个认识到通勤者计划他们的旅行并选择他们的出行方式的一般性分析，考虑到一天中发生的情况。根据由此得出的见解，这项工作将揭示这些通勤决定如何共同影响两个出行高峰，以及城市交通机构如何最好地管理这些影响。这项研究有望探索交通网络设计和管理中的新问题，并为更绿色、更可持续的城市交通系统提供更现实的蓝图。通过考虑一天的决策，这项研究挑战了当前的思维，并可能影响未来的研究方向。研究成果被整合到加州大学伯克利分校的课程中。这将使女性和代表性不足的少数族裔受益，因为伯克利交通工程专业大约一半的研究生属于这些人口群体。开发的课程笔记将被伯克利的毕业生在其他学校使用，并将放大这项研究的长期好处。

The research explores how buses and cars can serve a city's travel needs more effectively. To this end, the research (i) reexamines how people make their travel choices, recognizing that a day has two peak travel periods and that commuters make decisions by jointly considering both peaks; (ii) evaluates city-wide policies in regard to bus fares, parking prices, etc, to induce system-optimum travel patterns; and (iii) develops adaptive operating strategies (such as metering and turning bans) to ensure that the city's optimum ratio of bus and car traffic is accommodated with the least possible congestion, both when buses enjoy priority treatment and when they don't. The tasks are feasible because of recent advances at Berkeley with respect to city-scale modeling. The models are tested, both, with simulations and real-world experiments. If successful, this work will be the first generic analysis to recognize that commuters schedule their trips and select their travel modes, accounting for conditions that occur over the course of an entire day. With the insights that result from this, the work will unveil how these commuter decisions impact both travel peaks together, and how these impacts can best be managed by a city's transportation agency. The research is expected to explore new issues in transportation network design and management, and provide more realistic blueprints for greener, more sustainable urban transport systems. By considering day-long decisions, the research challenges current thinking and may influence future research directions. The research results are integrated into the curriculum at U.C. Berkeley. This will benefit women and under-represented minorities because roughly half of the graduate students in Berkeley's transportation engineering program belong to these demographic groups. Course notes that are developed will be used at other schools by Berkeley graduates and will magnify the long-term benefits of the research.