Writing History in Times of Political Upheaval: Contexts of Contemporary Historiography in Norman and Staufen Southern Italy (12th century)

对12世纪意大利南部历史的现代历史研究倾向于关注两个重大的政治事件：1130年诺曼王国西西里的建立和1194年亨利六世对它的征服。根据大师的叙述，第一次剧变导致意大利分裂，北部是公社，南部是雷诺。在1190/94年征服后者后，Mezzogiorno成为帝国的中心。对当代意大利南部编年史的现代解释在很大程度上遵循了这一大师的叙事，将它们解读为诺曼和斯陶芬宫廷或公共史学的宣传。本项目旨在通过关注编年史的特定地方语境及其语用功能来建立与主要叙事的对立面。通过确定编年史中反映了其观点和利益的社会群体，文本及其起因可能在其特定的社会背景下得到更好的理解，从而能够以一种新的方法来研究意大利南部历史上这两个根本政治动乱的历史。

Modern historical research on the history of Southern Italy in the Twelfth Century tends to focus on two major political events: the creation of the Norman kingdom of Sicily in 1130 and its conquest by Emperor Henry VI in 1194. According to the master narrative, the first upheaval led to the division of Italy with the communes in the north and the Regno in the south. After the conquest of the latter in 1190/94, the Mezzogiorno became a centre of the empire. Modern interpretations of contemporary Southern Italian chronicles largely follow this master narrative, reading them as propaganda of the Norman and Staufen courts or communal historiography. This project aims to set a counterpoint to the master narrative by focusing on the specific local contexts of the chronicles and their pragmatic function. By identifying the social groups whose perspectives and interests are reflected in the chronicles, the texts and their causae scribendi may be better understood in their specific social contexts, thus enabling a new approach to the history of these two fundamental political upheavals in the history of Southern Italy.