Workshop: Tsunami sedimentology and its role in hazard awareness, preparedness, assessment and mitigation

这一跨学科讲习班将汇集从不同角度研究海啸的研究人员，如自然科学、社会科学和工程学，以确定海啸沉积物跨学科研究的优先事项，以及如何利用这项研究来提高对海啸危害的认识和防范，并帮助制定更好的危害评估和减灾设计。2004年的苏门答腊岛地震和2011年的东北地震以及与之相关的跨洋海啸凸显了这些专题的重要性，即使在技术先进的国家也是如此。研讨会的预期成果包括就海啸研究的优先事项和国家科学基金会的初步合作提案向NSF提出建议。研讨会将围绕从基础科学到公共领域应用的以下问题组织：-海啸的沉积物和侵蚀特征中记录了什么引发海啸的过程？-关于海啸的地质信息如何与现代海啸后调查中收集的数据进行比较？-如何将海啸沉积物研究纳入海洋和沿海基础设施的工程设计中，以及-如何利用海啸沉积物信息来提高社区和个人对海啸危险的认识和准备？知识价值海啸经常发生在人类和地质时间尺度上的世界海洋中。大多数海啸是由海底断层位移引起的；其他海啸是由海底山体滑坡、火山喷发和陨石撞击引发的。自从地质学家开始使用陆上沉积沉积物来识别海啸风险地区以来，仅仅过去了20年。这项工作产生了惊人的发现，特别是在美国西北部。但基本的问题仍然存在，比如如何区分海啸沉积物和风暴潮海岸上的风暴沉积物。海啸沉积物也有巨大的潜力，可以用来记录水流的深度和速度？对沿海工程师来说很重要的参数。地质学家、泥沙输运专家、数值海啸模型师、实验学家、工程师和社会科学家都在这一前沿领域共同工作。研讨会为这些不同的专家提供了一个及时的场所，让他们权衡优先事项和规划合作。广泛的影响应对海啸危险有三种途径：评估、缓解和警告。评估的主要手段之一是量化过去事件的复发间隔和规模估计，而海啸沉积研究是这样做的重要手段。此外，海啸沉积研究有助于提高公众教育和认识--这是缓解努力的一个重要方面。2004年12月26日和2011年3月11日的海啸悲剧性地表明了全球对海啸危险评估、教育和社区准备的需要。这次讲习班将把科学研究人员和工程师聚集在一起，以便制定办法，改善向可能受影响的社区传达海啸研究成果。

This interdisciplinary workshop will bring together researchers who study tsunamis from different perspectives, such physical and social sciences and engineering, to develop priorities for interdisciplinary research on tsunami deposits, and how this research can be employed to increase awareness of and preparedness for tsunami hazards, as well as help to develop better hazard assessments and mitigation designs. The 2004 Sumatra and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes and their associated ocean-crossing tsunamis underscore the importance of these topics, even in technologically advanced countries. Anticipated outcomes of the workshop include recommendations to NSF on tsunami research priorities and preliminary collaborative NSF proposals.The workshop will be organized around the following questions, which range from basic science to applications in the public sphere:- What causative processes are recorded in deposits and erosional features of tsunamis?- How can geologic information about tsunamis be compared to data collected during modern post-tsunami surveys?- How can tsunami deposit studies be incorporated into engineering designs of marine and coastal infrastructure, and- How can tsunami deposit information be used to increase tsunami hazard awareness and preparedness of communities and individuals?Intellectual MeritTsunamis happen often in the world's oceans, on both human and geologic time scales. Most tsunamis result from fault displacement under the sea; others are set off by submarine landslides, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impacts. Barely two decades have passed since geologists began using onshore sedimentary deposits to identify areas at risk to tsunamis. The work has produced startling discoveries, particularly in the northwestern United States. But basic questions remain, such as how to distinguish tsunami deposits from storm deposits on coasts with large storm surges. Tsunami deposits also have enormous potential as recorders of flow depth and velocity? parameters of importance to coastal engineers. Working together at this frontier are geologists, sediment-transport experts, numerical tsunami modelers, experimentalists, engineers, and social scientists. The workshop provides a timely venue for these various specialists to weigh priorities and plan collaborations.Broader ImpactsThere are three avenues to addressing tsunami hazard: assessment, mitigation, and warning. One of the major means for assessment is to quantify recurrence intervals and size estimates of past events, and tsunami-deposit studies are an important means for doing so. Moreover, tsunami-deposit studies can help in generating public education and awareness--an important aspect of mitigation efforts. The 26 December 2004 and the 11 March 2011 tsunamis tragically demonstrate the global need for tsunami hazard assessment, education, and community preparation. This workshop will bring together scientific researchers and engineers in order to develop means for improving the communication of tsunami research results to potentially affected communities.