WORKSHOP: Process Tracing, Counterfactual Analysis, and Active Citation

就知识价值而言，美国国际关系子领域的很大一部分通过与第一次世界大战的接触来研究国际安全。这个案例为涉及多个研究项目和分析水平的大量关键辩论奠定了基础。该项目将展示定性和多方法研究的新方法，这将保证更严格和可复制的奖学金。大多数使用第一次世界大战的关键辩论早于政治学最近对数据访问和研究透明度（DA-RT）的关注。这一新运动的基础是两个基本原则：首先，分析透明度是研究在科学上可信和合法的先决条件。其次，无论是在验证先前的主张或进行新的研究的背景下，数据在向他人提供时变得更有用。迄今为止，drt被认为是定量方法的专属范围。通过两个相关的发展，这些原则最近已扩展到定性和多方法研究。首先，过程跟踪和反事实分析的更具体的描述的可用性允许学者明确他们使用的分析技术。第二，已经建立了新的基础设施，用于制度化地共享定性数据。此外，积极引用的新标准正在制定中，数字化原始数据的超链接可以证明假设因果途径的可信度。本次研讨会将汇集来自三个相关认知领域的专家：第一次世界大战的学者，在过程追踪和反事实分析方面具有专长的定性方法学家，以及致力于新的主动引用实践的定性数据档案管理员。他们将共同制定访问和链接原始源文档的计划。就更广泛的影响而言，第一次世界大战项目将是定性数据存储库有效性的一个非常明显的演示。该项目将生动地展示综合更好的具体分析技术、制度化的数据共享和研究透明度的新标准所带来的回报。随着二战一百周年的临近，这个项目的内容可能会引起所有国际安全学者的兴趣，也会引起更广泛的学术界和性别公众的兴趣。

With regards to intellectual merit, a large segment of the American International Relations sub-field approaches international security through its engagement with World War I. This case serves as the foundation for an extraordinary number of key debates, involving multiple research programs and levels of analysis. This project will demonstrate new approaches to qualitative and multi-method research, which promises more rigorous and replicable scholarship.Most of the key debates which use World War I predate Political Science's recent attention to Data Access and Research Tranparency (DA-RT). Two basic principles underlie the new movement: First, analytical transparency is a prerequisite for research to be considered scientifically credible and legitimate. Second, data becomes more useful when it is made available to others, either in the context of validating prior claims or to undertake new research.Hitherto DA-RT was regarded as the exclusive bailiwick of quantitative approaches. These principles have recently been extended to qualitative and multi-method research, through two related developments. First, the availability of better specificed accounts of both process tracking and counterfactual analysis allow scholars to be explicit about the analytical techniques they used. Second, new infrastructure has been created for the institutionalized sharing of qualititative data. In addition, new standards are being developed for active citations, hyperlinks to digitized primary data which are probative for the credibility of hypothesised causal pathways.This workshop will bring together experts from three relevant epistemic communities: scholars of World War I, qualitative methodologists with expertise in process tracing and counterfactual analysis, and qualitative data archivists working on new active citation practices. They will collectively develop a plan to access and link the original source documentation.With regards to broader impacts, the World War I project will be a highly visible demonstration of the efficacy of the Qualitative Data Repository. The project will vividly present the payoff from a synthesis of better specified analytical techniques, institutionalized data sharing, and new standards for research transparency. The substance of the project is likely to be of interest to all scholars of international security, as well as a broder scholarly community and the genderal public as the war's centenerary approaches.