Neutrinos in Astrophysics and Cosmology

从宇宙学的低能现象到最高能量的恒星喷流，中微子是我们观察到的宇宙的基本成分，并为探索宇宙的奥秘提供了独特的窗口。本课题的目的是对这些窗口进行理论研究。研究的一部分将是来自核心坍缩超新星的中微子：这些中微子是如何受到风味振荡的影响的，以及它们的探测将告诉我们在坍缩核心附近极高密度下发生的物理现象。高能中微子发射也将作为探索银河系内外粒子加速器物理学的一种方式进行研究，重点关注当前和未来中微子望远镜的传播效应和可探测性。另一个研究领域将是早期宇宙中中微子的物理学，它们如何与暗物质的本质联系起来，以及它们如何可能揭示新粒子和力的存在。该项目将有助于正在进行的过渡到中微子物理学的新阶段，其特点是新的，更强大的实验和对中微子现象学的更深入的理解。该项目设在一所大型公立大学，将通过教育活动和直接参与研究使年轻科学家受益。具体来说，这笔资金将支持一名博士后和一名研究生，从而为他们提供进入该领域的机会，并加入新一代中微子物理学家的行列，以维持未来新阶段的发现。

Ranging from the low-energy phenomena of cosmology to the highest energy of stellar jets, neutrinos are a fundamental ingredient of the universe that we observe, and offer unique windows into its mysteries. The purpose of this project is a theoretical study of these windows. Part of the research will be on neutrinos from core collapse supernovae: how these neutrinos are affected by flavor oscillations, and what their detection will teach us about the physics that takes place at extremely high density near the collapsed core. High-energy neutrino emission will also be investigated as a way to explore the physics of particle accelerators in our galaxy and beyond, with focus on propagation effects and detectability at present and future neutrino telescopes. Another area of study will be the physics of neutrinos in the early universe, how they connect to the nature of the dark matter, and how they can possibly reveal the existence of new particles and forces. This project will contribute to the ongoing transition to a new phase of neutrino physics, characterized by new, more powerful experiments and by a deeper understanding of the neutrino phenomenology. Being based at a large public university, the project will benefit young scientists through educational activities and direct involvement in research. Specifically, the grant will support a postdoc and a graduate student, thus offering them an opportunity to enter the field, and join a new generation of neutrino physicists that will sustain the new phase of discoveries ahead.