Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Closed Interacting Quantum Systems

该奖项支持理论研究，重点是理解量子多粒子动力学的基本方面和实验结果。本提案的主要目标是寻找相互作用系统的普遍非平衡现象，即对微观细节不敏感的现象。它已经表明，普遍性出现在动力学的非常不同的方面，从量子临界点附近的绝热极限的普遍偏差，到驱动系统的非平衡相变和普遍的功涨落。PI将开发概念，利用物理各个领域的理论工具，包括凝聚态物理、原子物理和统计物理，并开发新的理论方法。研究目标包括：理解几何在量子动力学中的作用，特别是物理观测值的线性响应与猝灭速度的关系；了解绝热动力学和退相干的相互作用；开发寻找驱动热孤立系统的通用统计描述的方法，开发松弛动力学的重整化群分析；将相空间方法扩展到量子动力学的新应用，如量子隧道或超越平均场近似。理论发现将应用于具体的实验测试。PI将参与研究生及以上水平的教育活动，包括课程开发，撰写教学评论文章，并以讲师或组织者的身份参与针对研究生和高级本科生的国际学校。这项工作还包括培训直接参与研究的研究生。该奖项支持理论研究，重点是理解由许多相互作用且远离稳定平衡状态的粒子组成的系统的普遍或稳健方面。例如，材料或原子中的电子冷却到非常低的温度，被光捕获，并被外加电磁场驱使远离平衡状态。众所周知，在平衡状态下相互作用的许多粒子系统可以自组织，导致新型的集体行为，例如超导，一种可以携带电流而不耗散的电子状态。然而，对于远离平衡状态的相互作用的多粒子系统，人们了解得少得多，在这种情况下，统计物理学的标准工具并不适用。PI的目标是使用来自不同物理领域的先进理论方法来发现相互作用的多粒子系统的新特性，这些特性远离平衡，对系统的特定微观特征不敏感，因此适用于许多系统。这些性质被称为通用性。对远离平衡的量子力学多体系统动力学的理解具有广泛的影响，并有助于奠定可能导致未来技术的知识基础。PI将参与研究生及以上水平的教育活动，包括课程开发，撰写教学评论文章，并以讲师或组织者的身份参与针对研究生和高级本科生的国际学校。这项工作还包括培训直接参与研究的研究生。

TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research focused on understanding fundamental aspects of quantum many-particle dynamics and the experimental consequences. The main objective of this proposal is to find universal non-equilibrium phenomena of interacting systems, that is phenomena, which are insensitive to microscopic details. It has been shown that universality emerges in very different aspects of dynamics ranging from universal deviations from the adiabatic limit near quantum critical points, to non-equilibrium phase transitions and universal work fluctuations in driven systems. The PI will develop concepts, utilize theoretical tools from various areas of physics, including condensed matter, atomic, and statistical physics, and develop new theoretical methods. The goals of the research include: understanding the role of geometry in quantum dynamics, in particular, the connection of linear response of physical observables to quench velocity; understanding the interplay of adiabatic dynamics and decoherence; developing approaches for finding a universal statistical description of driven thermally isolated systems, developing a renormalization group analysis of relaxational dynamics; extending phase space approaches to quantum dynamics to new applications like quantum tunneling or going beyond mean field approximation. Theoretical findings will be applied to specific experimental tests. The PI will be engaged in educational activities at the graduate level and higher including course development, contributing to pedagogical review articles, and participating as a lecturer or organizer in international schools aimed at graduate and advanced undergraduate students. The work will also involve training graduate students directly participating in the research.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research focused on understanding universal or robust aspects of systems composed of many particles that interact with each other and are far from the steady state of equilibrium. For example electrons in materials or atoms cooled to very low temperatures and trapped by light, and driven far from equilibrium by an applied electromagnetic field. It is well known that interacting many particle systems in equilibrium can self organize leading to new types of collective behavior, for example superconductivity, a state of electrons that can carry electric current without dissipation. However, much less is understood about interacting many-particle systems that are driven far from equilibrium, where the standard tools of statistical physics do not apply.The PI aims to use advanced theoretical methods from across different areas of physics to find new properties of interacting many-particle systems far from equilibrium that are insensitive to specific microscopic features of the system and therefore apply to many systems. These properties are called universal.The understanding of the dynamics of quantum mechanical many-body systems far from equilibrium has broad consequences and contributes to intellectual foundations that may lead to future technologies.The PI will be engaged in educational activities at the graduate level and higher including course development, contributing to pedagogical review articles, and participating as a lecturer or organizer in international schools aimed at graduate and advanced undergraduate students. The work will also involve training graduate students directly participating in the research.