Physics and Astrophysics with IceCube Neutrino Observatory

该奖项支持加州大学伯克利分校继续参与新建成的南极冰立方中微子天文台。伯克利小组除了分析数据外，还在校准、监测、模拟、操作、管理和其他服务任务方面发挥着主导作用。在获奖期间，该小组将从事一系列物理学和天体物理学研究。利用最新可用的强大的立方公里探测器的背景否决能力，该小组将测量大气中微子诱导的级联，并搜索扩散的地外高能电子中微子通量。目标是首次明确探测到由高能中微子在介质中相互作用引发的电磁和强子粒子簇射。他们将使用冰立方探测到的高能中微子来搜索违反洛伦兹不变性和超光速中微子，以改善电流限制，或者使用关于伽马射线爆发和核心坍塌超新星的飞行时间测量来发现违反。最后，他们将使用来自DeepCore的数据，DeepCore是IceCube的低能量扩展，用于探测暗物质和中微子振荡扇区的高统计测量。这些测量将取决于对几何和光学探测器以及冰特性的精确了解。伯克利小组将通过测量散射函数和围绕光学传感器的重新冻结的冰柱的性质来扩展他们对深层冰的光学性质的测量。广泛的影响：该小组的成员将访问附近主要是少数族裔注册的大学的学生，向当地的业余天文学家团体和普通公众发表演讲。PI将向旧金山湾区的商界领袖发表演讲，并为发展中国家的科学家提供演讲和建议。小组成员将与在大众媒体上撰写科学文章的记者交流，并协调涉及教师体验南极洲计划和向上跳跃计划的外联活动。该集团还通过发明新型仪器，如光学粉尘记录仪和生物光谱记录仪，参与了衍生项目。这些项目促进了我们对气候变化和接近火星极端条件下微生物生命的理解。该小组将继续与冰川学家沟通，后者利用伯克利小组的冰测量结果来更全面地了解冰川，以及南极冰盖的运动和命运。

This award supports the University of California-Berkeley group to continue their participation in the newly completed IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The Berkeley group plays a leading role in calibrations, monitoring, simulations, operations, management, and other service tasks in addition to analyzing data. Over the period of this award the group will engage in a range of physics and astrophysics research. Using the newly available and powerful background veto capabilities of the cubic kilometer detector the group will measure atmospheric neutrino-induced cascades and search for a diffuse extraterrestrial flux of high-energy electron neutrinos. The goal is the first definitive detection of electromagnetic and hadronic particle showers initiated by interactions of high-energy neutrinos in a medium. They will search for violation of Lorentz-invariance and superluminal neutrinos using high-energy neutrinos detected by IceCube to improve the current limit or find a violation using time-of-flight measurements with respect to gamma-ray bursts and core-collapse supernovae. Finally, they will use data from DeepCore, the low energy extension of IceCube, for high-statistics measurements probing the dark matter and neutrino oscillations sectors. These measurements will depend on precise knowledge of geometrical and optical detector and ice properties. The Berkeley group will extend their measurements of the optical properties of the deep ice with measurements of the scattering function and the properties of the columns of refrozen ice surrounding the optical sensors.Broader Impacts: Members of the group will visit and give talks to students at nearby colleges with predominantly minority enrollments, to local groups of amateur astronomers, and to the general public. The PI will give talks to business leaders in the Bay Area and give talks and advise scientists in developing countries. Members of the group will communicate with reporters writing about science in the popular press and coordinate outreach activities involving the Teachers Experiencing Antarctica program and the Upward Bound program. The group is also involved in spin-off projects, through its inventions of novel instruments such as the optical dust logger and the biospectral logger. These projects advance our understanding of climate change and microbial life under extreme conditions close to those on Mars. The group will continue communications with glaciologists who use results from the Berkeley group's ice measurements to get a more complete understanding of glacial ice, and the movement and fate of the Antarctic ice sheet.