The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Final Design Phase

大型综合巡天望远镜（LSST）是一种大口径、宽视场的地面望远镜，将以六个光度波段巡天。图像、警报和结果目录将提供给美国和智利社区，没有专有期限。LSST项目被2010年天文天体物理年代际调查选为最优先的地基项目。这项调查目前计划持续十年，并将产生一个适合回答天体物理学、宇宙学和基础物理学中广泛紧迫问题的数据库。同样的数据集可以用来描述暗能量和暗物质的特性；对探测到的光学瞬态（如遥远星系中的恒星爆炸）产生几乎即时的警报；发现并提供潜在危险近地天体的轨道；并以极高的天文测量精度和前所未有的光度深度对数十亿个物体进行编目。没有其他正在运行或计划中的设施能够同时进行大面积和快速的时间采样来解决这些问题。该项目已满足了整个建设项目的初步设计审查（PDR）的要求。目前的奖项，由LSST成员机构的贡献补充，将允许LSST项目建立在他们现有的努力，以满足最终设计审查（FDR）的要求，并准备施工。这项支持的重点是：1)通过完成望远镜和支持设施主要部件的规格和招标程序，使项目进入施工准备阶段；2)开发改进的数据处理算法，重点是那些驱动计算硬件规模模型的算法；3)实施PDR建议，这些建议为将项目推向建设就绪状态提供了重要指导；4)实施挣值管理系统，更新FDR所需的成本核算和其他文件；5)完成开展建设阶段的高级管理团队人员配备；6)通过硬件和软件原型和系统模拟持续降低风险。LSST数据管理系统需要创新的大规模数据库技术。为了满足科学需求，该项目将需要使用超级计算技术并创建一个通用的数据和算法并行框架，该框架将作为开源软件可在任何高性能、并行的科学应用程序上重用。这些计划的继续发展将产生比天文学界更广泛的好处。该奖项还支持该项目的外展咨询委员会，以及与计划中的科学项目密切相关的教育和公众外展活动的持续发展。

AST-1227061, PI: William S. SmithThe Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a large-aperture, wide-field, ground-based telescope that will survey the visible sky in six photometric bands. The images, alerts, and resulting catalogs will be made available to the United States and Chilean communities with no proprietary period. The LSST project was selected as the highest priority ground-based project by the 2010 astronomy and astrophysics decadal survey.The survey is currently planned to last for ten years and will produce a database suitable for answering a wide range of pressing questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. The same data set can be used to characterize the properties of dark energy and dark matter; produce nearly instant alerts of detected optical transients such as exploding stars in distant galaxies; discover and provide orbits for potentially hazardous near-Earth objects; and catalog billions of objects with both high astrometric precision and unprecedented photometric depth. No other facility in operation or planned will have the simultaneous wide area and rapid temporal sampling to address these issues.The project has already met the requirements of a Preliminary Design Review (PDR) of the full construction project. The present award, supplemented by contributions from LSST member institutions, will allow the LSST Project to build on their existing efforts to meet the requirements of a Final Design Review (FDR) and to be ready for construction. The priorities for this support are: 1) Moving the project to become construction-ready by completing the specifications and the bidding process for the major components of the telescope and support facility; 2) Developing improved algorithms for data processing with emphasis on those that drive the sizing model for computing hardware; 3) Implementing the PDR recommendations, which provide important guidelines for moving the project toward construction readiness; 4) Implementing an Earned Value Management System and updating costing and other documentation required for FDR; 5) Completing staffing of the senior management team that will carry out the construction phase; and 6) Continuing risk reduction through hardware and software prototyping and system simulations.The LSST data management system needs innovative, large-scale database techniques. To meet the science requirements, the project will need to use supercomputing technologies and create a general-purpose data and algorithm-parallel framework that will be available as open source software reusable on any high-performance, parallel scientific application. Continued development of these plans will yield much broader benefits beyond the astronomical community. This award also supports the project's Outreach Advisory Board and the continued development of educational and public outreach activities intimately connected with the planned scientific program.