Justice During Civil Conflict

司法和法治措施常常被吹捧为防止冲突后暴力再度发生的解决办法；然而，在冲突仍在继续的情况下，几乎没有开展工作来了解这些做法的普遍情况。这些措施包括审判、真相调查委员会、赔偿以及其他问责程序，如赦免、清洗和流亡。虽然现有研究的重点是冲突结束后司法程序的执行情况，但和平倡议机构的试点数据表明，这些做法往往在暴力期间实施。目前的文献对冲突期间司法程序的实施时间和原因及其可能对冲突持续时间和和平持久性的影响提供的理论理解很少。本项目调查冲突期间司法程序的执行情况，以了解政府在国内武装冲突期间执行哪些程序(如果有的话)，以及在哪些情况下开展这些程序。通过收集涵盖第二次世界大战以来所有内战期间司法措施执行情况的新的跨国数据集，这项研究极大地提高了我们对冲突期间司法的存在的理解，并扩大了对司法程序的执行和更广泛的冲突动态的研究现状。该项目提供了一个证据基础，以确定更有可能实施的条件，促进可能受益于司法措施的国家制定这些条件，并防止出现有损这些目标的情况的发展。此外，这项研究的结果将用于了解司法措施可能被滥用于与解决冲突和促进法治无关的目标，从而导致更有效的冲突终止战略和缩短国内冲突的持续时间。

Justice and rule-of-law measures have often been touted as a solution to prevent the resumptionof violence following conflict; yet little work has been undertaken to understand the prevalenceof these practices while conflict remains ongoing. These measures include trials, truthcommissions, reparations, as well as alternative accountability processes such as amnesties,purges, and exiles. While existing research has focused on the implementation of justiceprocesses once conflict has ended, pilot data by the PIs suggests that these same practices areoften implemented during violence. The current state of the literature provides little theoreticalunderstanding as to when and why during-conflict justice processes are implemented and theirlikely effect on the duration of conflict and durability of peace.This project investigates the implementation of during-conflict justice to understand whichprocesses, if any, a government implements during internal armed conflicts and in whichcontexts such processes are pursued. Through the collection of a new cross-national datasetcovering the implementation of justice measures during all civil wars since the Second WorldWar, this research greatly improves our understanding of the presence of during-conflict justiceand expands the current state of research on both the implementation of justice processes and thedynamics of conflict more broadly. This project provides an evidentiary basis to determine theconditions under which implementation is more likely, to facilitate the development of theseconditions in countries that may benefit from justice measures and to prevent the development ofcircumstances detracting from these goals. Furthermore, the results of this research will be usedto understand the potential misuses of justice measures for goals not related to conflict resolutionand promotion of the rule-of-law, leading to more effective conflict termination strategies andshortening the duration of civil conflict.