Collaborative Research: Large-Scale Wave Energy Arrays -- Integrated Control/Array Design in Random Seas

项目负责人：Scruggs， Jeffrey / Taflanidis， alexandros提案编号：1235732 / 1235768机构：密歇根大学安娜堡分校/诺特丹大学标题：合作研究：大规模波浪能阵列——随机季节的集成控制/阵列设计在美国能源经济从传统技术向可再生能源的转变中，海浪能技术具有重要意义&amp；#64257；不能扮演什么角色。然而，我们对如何最好地利用这一资源的理解仍在不断发展。为了使波浪能转换（WEC）技术在实用规模上发挥作用，有必要在广阔的海洋上分布大量的能量收集浮标。大规模WEC阵列发电的最大化需要最优控制和最优几何技术的综合。目前的了解仅限于单个浮标和小型阵列。它也没有考虑到电力转换系统的局限性，或者海况是随机和不确定现象的事实。这个合作项目构成了一个e&amp；#64256；为了纠正这些问题，通过两种不同研究思路的新颖综合：鲁棒控制理论和大规模随机优化。拟议的工作将集中在评估和优化给定地理位置和给定阵列周长的发电潜力的准确技术上。这将为该技术向前发展提供一些必要问题的答案：(i)给定阵列周长，海况的概率特征和发电机的技术特征，WEC浮标的最佳数量是多少，它们应该如何安排？（ii）浮标的最优数量和控制；性能取决于所使用的转换技术？（iii）浮标如何控制64257；配置取决于e&amp；#64259；连接阵列和电网的能量存储和传输系统的效率？pi将各自的方法（WEC系统的最优发电控制算法和随机抽样方法）集成到一个单一的计算方法中。客户端框架，它在每次迭代时同时重塑数组并重新设计控制器。这将减少准确评估给定阵列大小的最大发电能力所需的时间，减少几个数量级。在这项工作中，pi将利用鲁棒控制理论和高性能计算的进步来创新大规模WEC阵列设计的通用技术。该合作项目将为大规模WEC阵列满足未来能源需求的真正潜力提供清晰的见解。此外，该项目还具有消除技术采用障碍和促进公众宣传的潜力。这将通过di&amp；#64256；利用机制加强学生之间的大使关系和利益相关者的意识。ppi将采取双管齐下的策略，包括：1 .开放获取在线资源评估软件的开发；教育推广活动的重点是海洋能源。在&amp；#64257；RST组件是一个在线应用程序，由友好的用户界面支持，将评估优化后的年输出功率和阵列性能&amp；#64257；配置用户规格&amp；#64257；查明地理位置和阵列周长。一种更技术性的方法&amp；#64260；针对WEC开发者的在线版本也将免费提供。第二个组成部分将通过针对代表性不足群体的跨学科REU倡议和利用拟议的在线评估工具开发基于项目的学习模块来实现。这将激励和授权学生参与者在他们的专业和广大公众中推进这项研究，从而传播这项研究的更广泛影响。

PI: Scruggs, Jeffrey / Taflanidis, AlexandrosProposal Number: 1235732 / 1235768Institution: University of Michigan Ann Arbor / University of Notre DameTitle: Collaborative Research: Large-Scale Wave Energy Arrays -- Integrated Control/Array Design in Random SeasIn the transition of the US energy economy from traditional technologies to renewables, ocean wave energy technology has a significant role to play. However, our understanding of how to best harness the resource is still evolving. For Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) technologies to be relevant on a utility scale, it will be necessary to distribute vast arrays of energy-harvesting buoys across a wide expanse of ocean. Maximization of power generation from large-scale WEC arrays requires a synthesis of optimal control and optimal geometry techniques. The present state-of-understanding is limited to single buoys and small array sizes. It also does not account for the limitations of power conversion systems, or the fact that sea states are random and uncertain phenomena. This collaborative project constitutes an effort to rectify these issues, through a novel synthesis of two disparate research threads: robust control theory and large-scale stochastic optimization.The proposed work will focus on accurate techniques for assessing and optimizing the power generation potential for a given geographic location and a given array perimeter. This will provide answers to some necessary questions for this technology to move forward: (i) Given an array perimeter, a probabilistic characterization of the sea state, and a technological characterization of the generators, what is the optimal number of WEC buoys, and how should they be arranged? (ii) How do the optimal number of buoys and configuration depend on the conversion technology used? (iii) How does the buoy configuration depend on the efficiency of energy storage and transmission systems that interface the array with the grid? The PIs will integrate their respective approaches (the optimal power generation control algorithm for a WEC system, and stochastic sampling methods) into a single computationally-efficient framework, which simultaneously reshapes the array and redesigns the controller upon each iteration. This will reduce the time necessary to accurately evaluate the maximum power generation capability for a given array size by several orders of magnitude. In this work the PIs will innovate generic techniques for large-scale WEC array design using techniques from robust control theory and advances in high-performance computing. This collaborative project will provide a clear insight into the true potential of large-scale WEC arrays to meet future energy needs. Also the project has the potential to lift technology adoption barriers and to promote advocacy among the public. This will be accomplished via diffusion mechanisms that enhance ambassadorship among students and awareness among stakeholders. The PIs will adopt a two-pronged strategy, involving: 1. development of open-access online resource assessment software, and 2. educational outreach initiatives focused on ocean energy. In the first component, the online application, supported by a friendly user-interface, will assess the optimized annual power output and array configuration for a user-specified geographic location and array perimeter. A more technical offline version targeted at WEC developers will also be made freely available. The second component will be achieved through interdisciplinary REU initiatives that target underrepresented groups and through the development of project-based learning modules, leveraging the proposed online assessment tools. This will motivate and empower the student participants to advance this research both within their profession and the public at large, thus propagating the broader impacts of this research.