A Comprehensive Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Storm Water: Application of Natural Carbon Isotopes to Evaluate the Efficacy of Bioretention Systems

1236224(马丁)。生物滞留系统越来越多地被用作雨水最佳管理实践（bmp）。虽然在雨水管理的许多方面都取得了成功，但目前还没有真正了解这些系统是否或如何减少通常在雨水中发现的石油碳氢化合物的总范围。车道灰尘和停车场油污等来源的碳氢化合物（HC）浓度极高，因此需要找到有效的方法，在雨水积聚到下游水体之前，将这些致癌和致突变的污染物从雨水中去除。拟议的研究将通过使用天然碳同位素方法来评估生物滞留系统在减少暴雨水体中发现的石油hc总量方面的有效性，从而解决这一需求，从而改善环境质量和人类健康。过去对水处理技术有效性的研究受到限制，因为传统的方法和分析石油hc（即多环芳烃[PAH]和/或“总石油烃”[TPH]）的分析方法只能跟踪存在于雨水中的选定化合物。因为有能力区分来自当代来源的“新碳”和？化石碳?从石油hc中，对天然14C和13C的分析可以确定暴雨水中存在的所有石油衍生hc的贡献。拟议的研究具有重要意义，因为它将：(1)首次评估雨水处理技术（在这种情况下是生物滞留系统）是否可以减少石油hc总量，而不是传统分析所追踪的这些有害化合物的替代亚群；(2)确定对雨水中石油hc亚群的常规监测是否足够，是否可以用作总hc的替代，或者是否需要更广泛的监测。从本研究中获得的知识将改进生物滞留系统的设计，以最大限度地改善水质，并为雨水中hc的监测方法提供重要见解，以保护公众和环境健康。这项研究将通过学生的参与与教育联系起来，这些学生将由具有生态工程、碳同位素生物地球化学和有机化学专业知识的跨学科研究人员小组进行指导。俄亥俄州立大学生态工程学生俱乐部的学生将与当地一所高中的学生合作，在高中校园内设计和建造一个生物保留区系统，体验式学习将成为现实。由于大多数高中学生是少数民族，这种合作安排将加强代表性不足的群体对STEM教育的参与。为了广泛传播结果，将与俄亥俄州中部雨园倡议合作，在其公共网页和新闻稿中列入项目结果。这项研究的另一个社会效益将是设计和管理指导方针，通过负担得起和有效的生物保留系统来加强减少暴雨水流和污染物。

1236224 (Martin). Bioretention systems are increasingly used as storm water best management practices (BMPs). While successfully employed in many aspects of storm water management, there is as yet no real understanding of whether or how these systems reduce the total range of petroleum hydrocarbons typically found in storm waters. Exceedingly high hydrocarbon (HC) concentrations from sources such as driveway dust and oils from parking lots, highlight the need to find effective methods to remove these carcinogenic and mutagenic pollutants from storm water before they accumulate in downstream water bodies. The proposed study will address this need by using a natural carbon isotope approach to evaluate the effectiveness of bioretention systems in reducing total petroleum HCs found in storm waters in order to improve environmental quality and human health. Past studies of the effectiveness of water treatment technologies have been limited because conventional approaches and analytical methods of analysis for petroleum HCs (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAH] and/or "total petroleum hydrocarbons" [TPH]) only track selected compounds present in storm water. Because of the ability to differentiate between 'new carbon' from contemporary sources and ?fossil carbon? from petroleum HCs, analysis of natural 14C and 13C can identify the contributions of all petroleum-derived HCs present in storm water. The proposed research is significant because it will: (1) be the first to assess whether a storm water treatment technology - in this case bioretention systems - can reduce total petroleum HCs as opposed to proxy subsets of these harmful compounds as tracked by conventional analyses, and (2) determine if conventional monitoring of subsets of petroleum HCs in storm water is sufficient and can be used as proxies for total HCs, or if more extensive monitoring is warranted. Knowledge gained from this study should improve the design of bioretention systems to maximize water quality improvements, and offer important insights into monitoring approaches for HCs in storm water to protect public and environmental health. This research will be linked to education by the sinvolvent of students who will be mentored by an interdisciplinary group of researchers with expertise in ecological engineering, carbon isotope biogeochemistry, and organic chemistry. Experiential learning will take place as students from the Ecological Engineering student club at Ohio State work with students from a local high school to design and construct a bioretention system on the high school campus. Because the majority of the high school students are minorities, this collaborative arrangement will enhance the participation of underrepresented groups in STEM education. To broadly disseminate results, there will be collaboration with the Central Ohio Rain Garden Initiative to include project findings on their public webpage and in press releases. An additional societal benefit from this research will be design and management guidelines to enhance the reduction of storm water flows and pollutants by affordable and effective bioretention systems.