EFRI-ODISSEI: Multi-scale Origami for Novel Photonics, Energy Conversion

这项研究与创新前沿（EFRI）自组装系统集成折纸设计工程创新（ODISSEI）奖的研究目标是研究平面片的折叠如何产生新颖的、三维的、从毫米到纳米大小的功能结构。特殊的“纳米结构纸”将被创造出来，包括薄膜和膜，其中包含各种功能的纳米级物体（例如碳纳米管，半导体和金属纳米粒子等）；纳米纸将被蚀刻和穿孔，以方便控制折叠成更复杂的形状，这些形状可以通过编程来响应脉冲和预先确定的条件，如局部和全局的温度、湿度和光线的变化。这项研究将研究如何通过机械应变、外部电场或磁场以及局部激光加热来触发折叠。使用实验和计算机建模的结合，基本原则管理的创建和床单转化为三维（3D）对象将被研究，特别侧重于对象的大小如何影响折叠动力学。这些知识应该有助于解决材料集成到复杂而坚固的3D结构中的重大挑战，例如，能量转换设备中的光传播控制，光学和电磁超材料的可扩展制造，以及由环境条件变化驱动的可重构“智能”表面的工程。如果成功，这项研究可以解决更广泛的技术和社会挑战，包括可再生能源收集、能源效率、水净化、环保微加工等领域的挑战。具体来说，这项工作可能会为焦平面阵列的设计和部署、波束转向、雷达特征的动态控制、热管理和其他应用带来新的方法。折纸技术（www.mattshlian.com）将被用作更大尺度结构的灵感、实现和可视化手段，并将为不依赖于尺度的小型化提供设计原则。特别会议？折纸电子产品吗?将在研究者参加的科学会议上进行。这项研究的视觉和实践性质可能会引起广泛的学生和观众的共鸣，这些学生和观众将通过关于折纸及其技术应用的夏季讲习班来达到。进一步的推广活动将包括在世界著名的安娜堡艺术博览会、安娜堡动手博物馆展出，并在各种艺术/设计/跨学科会议（如Siggraph、ARS Electronica）以及传统的艺术画廊场地（如底特律艺术学院、克兰布鲁克学院、城市当代艺术学院）上发表演讲。该项目由空军科学研究办公室提供部分资金支持。

The research objective of this Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (EFRI) Origami Design for the Integration of Self-assembling Systems for Engineering Innovation (ODISSEI) award is to study how the folding of planar sheets can produce novel, three-dimensional, functional structures ranging from millimeters to nanometers in size. Special "nanostructured paper" will be created, comprising thin films and membranes containing a variety of functional nanoscale objects (e.g. carbon nanotubes, semiconductor and metal nanoparticles, etc.); the nano-paper will be etched and perforated to facilitate controlled folding into more complex shapes, which can be programmed to respond to impulses and pre-determined conditions such as local and global changes in temperature, humidity, and light. The research will examine how folding can be triggered by mechanical strain, external electrical or magnetic fields, and local laser heating. Using a combination of experiments and computer modeling, the fundamental principles governing the creation and transformation of sheets into three-dimensional (3D) objects will be studied, in particular focusing on how the size of the object influences the folding dynamics. This knowledge should help resolve significant challenges of materials integration into complex and robust 3D structures for, e.g., the control of light propagation in energy conversion devices, scalable fabrication of optical and electromagnetic metamaterials, and engineering of reconfigurable "smart" surfaces powered by changes in ambient conditions. If successful, this research can address broader technological and societal challenges, including those in the areas of renewable energy harvesting, energy efficiency, water purification, environmentally benign microfabrication, etc. Specifically, this work may result in novel approaches to the design and deployment of focal plane arrays, beam steering, dynamic control of radar signatures, thermal management, and other applications. Paper folding techniques (www.mattshlian.com) will be used as a means of inspiration, realization, and visualization of structures at larger scales, and will provide design principles for scale-independent miniaturization. Special sessions on ?origami electronics? will be conducted at the scientific conferences attended by the investigators. The visual and hands-on nature of the research is likely to resonate with a wide range of students and audiences, which will be reached through summer workshops on origami and its technological applications. Further outreach activities will include exhibiting at the world-renowned Ann Arbor Art Fair, the Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum, and presentations at various arts / design / interdisciplinary conferences (e.g. Siggraph, ARS Electronica), as well as at traditional gallery venues for the arts (e.g. Detroit Institute of Arts, Cranbrook Academy, Urban Institute for Contemporary Art).This project is supported in part by funds from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.