Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Colonial Persistence and Transformation of Social and Economic Relations: Veracruz Port to Pensacola Presidios

在芭芭拉·l·斯塔克（Barbara L. Stark）博士的指导下，克里斯塔·埃施巴赫将把来自墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯（Veracruz）卡斯塔人社区的18世纪历史和考古数据与来自佛罗里达州彭萨科拉（Pensacola）总统的数据进行比较，以评估社会和经济关系的持续和转变。殖民研究经常在被殖民者/殖民者的二分法中构建社会转型问题，这可以掩盖两个群体内部的差异。从公元1698年到1763年，成百上千的castas（混血儿）从墨西哥的城市中心被送到彭萨科拉的三个总统。这项研究将明确这些不同的殖民代理人的起源和策略，这些代理人在历史上通过军事招募和政府供应联系在一起。由于这两任总统在65年间相继就任，因此它们为评估一个边陲国家的社会变革速度提供了一个理想的案例。为了评估策略，埃施巴赫将分析历史数据和住宅背景下的陶器。从这些环境中恢复的陶器类别中大约有一半被很好地理解，但是普通的，铅釉的和滑（或涂漆的）陶器受到的关注较少，将构成实验室程序的主要焦点。分析将包括目视检查属性、化学和矿物学研究以及岩石学。这些方法将用于识别韦拉克鲁斯和彭萨科拉当地生产的商品，并比较制造技术，以区分卡斯塔人和佛罗里达州印第安人生产的商品。这个项目代表了少数几个在帝国边疆地区对陶瓷技术变化和社会经济关系的跨地区研究之一。在概念层面上，本研究考察了制度和不同殖民者在社会转型中的贡献。对社会变革的更好理解，有助于洞察帝国/殖民主义的持续存在以及下个世纪新国家的出现。在实质性的层面上，本研究修订了佛罗里达陶器的广泛分类，区分了卡斯塔人与美洲原住民的生产。此外，本研究将为较少受到关注的区域提供仪器中子活化分析的比较数据，并将比较成本较低的化学表征方法的效用。研究将增加对墨西哥考古学殖民时代的当前理解，并通过墨西哥和美国的西班牙语和英语出版物，演示文稿和公开讲座，促进跨国际边界的信息共享。所有数据将通过数字考古记录永久在线提供。人类学研究生和本科生将接受考古技术方面的培训和经验。在美国，这个项目将增加我们目前对非洲和墨西哥对美国历史的贡献的理解。

Under the supervision of Dr. Barbara L. Stark, Ms. Krista Eschbach will compare 18th century historical and archaeological data from casta neighborhoods in Veracruz, Mexico, to that from presidios of Pensacola, Florida, to assess persistence and transformation in social and economic relations. Colonial research often structures questions of social transformation within a colonized/colonizer dichotomy, which can disguise variation within both groups. Between A.D. 1698 and 1763, hundreds of castas (those of mixed heritage) were sent from urban centers in Mexico to three Pensacola presidios. This research will make explicit the origin and strategies of these diverse colonial agents that were historically linked through military recruitment and governmental supply. Because the presidios were sequentially occupied over 65 years, they offer an ideal case for assessing rapidity of social change in a borderland. To assess strategies, Ms. Eschbach will analyze historical data and pottery from residential contexts. Approximately half of the pottery categories recovered from these contexts are well understood, but plain, lead-glazed, and slipped (or painted) pottery have received less attention and will constitute the main focus of laboratory procedures. Analyses will include visual inspection of attributes, chemical and mineralogical studies, and petrography. These methods will be used to identify wares that were locally produced in Veracruz and Pensacola and to compare manufacturing techniques to discriminate between wares produced by castas and Native Americans in Florida. This project represents one of the few interregional studies of changing ceramic technology and socioeconomic relations in an imperial frontier. At the conceptual level, this research examines the contributions of both institutions and diverse colonizers in social transformations. A better understanding of social transformations offers insights into imperial/colonial persistence and the emergence of new nations within the following century. At the substantive level, this research revises broad categorization of pottery in Florida by discriminating production by castas from Native Americans. Further, this research will provide comparative data from Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis for regions that have received less attention and will compare the utility of a lower cost method of chemical characterization. Research will add to current understanding of the colonial era in Mexican archaeology and contribute to information sharing across international borders, through publications, presentations, and public talks in Spanish and English in Mexico and the United States. All data will be made permanently available online through the Digital Archaeological Record. Graduate and undergraduate anthropology students will receive training and experience in archaeometric techniques. In the United States, this project will add to our current understanding of African and Mexican contributions to the American past.