Archaeological research on the metallic and pottery assemblages from the Oxus Basin to the Indus Valley during Protohistory

该项目将首次对中亚和印度河-俾路支省的部分考古材料（金属和陶器）进行全面的大规模研究，即从铜器时代到铁器时代（5至1磨）的奥古斯河和印度河盆地。BC)。在Mehrgarh、Sarazm、Shortughai、Sibri、Pirak等地长期观察到这种相互关系。在原始城市和城市发展的背景下，但只在一些孤立的珍贵金属，石头或特殊的陶器碎片上。现在，在法国和德国现有的类型学和年表的基础上，经过数十年来由专业团队（DAI和CNRS-MAEE）在上述地区进行的挖掘，该小组希望在当地，区域和大规模地避免材料，技术和形式的转变和转移。为此，我们建议有目的地从欧洲或亚洲现有的25个地点（几百个）中选择金属和陶器样本，并对其进行分析。金属分析：仪器中子活化分析和热电离质谱分析（铅同位素），其中样品大小允许金相分析。研究结果将允许：1)确定金属组，并注明原材料来源；2)确认金属贸易网络；3)确定技术组和技术转让中的相互关系。陶器分析：XRF， ICP，岩石学。分析结果将允许：1)本地相对结果（即异质/同质；外源性/内源性）和2)区域和宏观区域比较结果（一个地区与另一个地区）。它们将涉及以下内容：1)金属：化学和同位素组成、原料来源和合金化技术。2)陶器：布料、表面处理、绘画。预计将对冶金和/或陶瓷省或地区（形状、技术）进行定义，并更好地了解整个时期的技术变化和转移，最后对“中亚相互作用圈”相互关系网络的连续阶段进行描绘。对技术和交流的进步及其历史意义的解释，将在本领域内部和外部共同讨论和传播。

The project will undertake, for the first time, a general large scale study of a selected part of the archaeological material (metal and pottery) of Central Asia and Indus-Baluchistan, i.e. the Oxus and Indus basins, from Chalcolithic to the Iron Age (5th to 1st mill. BC). The interrelations were observed since a long time in Mehrgarh, Sarazm, Shortughai", Sibri, Pirak ...in the context of proto-urban and urban development, but only on some isolated remarkable pieces of precious metal, stones or exceptional potsherds. Now on the basis of existing typologies and chronologies elaborated in France and Germany, after excavations carried out since decades in the mentioned regions by the specialized teams (of DAI and CNRS-MAEE), the group wishes to eluddate the transformations and the transfers of material, technologies and forms locally, regionally and at large scale. For this it is proposed to proceed by a purposely oriented large selection (several hundred) of metal and pottery samples from 25 sites, in existing collections, in Europe or in Asia, to which the team has access, and to analyze them. Metal analyses: instrumental neutron activation analysis and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (for lead isotopes), where sample sizes permit also metallography. The results would allow: 1) the definition of metal groups, with indications on raw material sources, 2) the recognition of trade networks for metal and 3) the definition of technological groups and interrelations in technology transfer. Pottery analyses: XRF, ICP, petrography. The analyses' results would allow: 1) local relative results (i.e. the heterogeneous/homogenous; exogenous/endogenous) and 2) regional and macro-regional comparative results (a region vs. another region). They will concem the followings: 1) Metal: the chemical and isotopic composition, raw material provenance and alloying technology. 2) Pottery: the fabrics, the surface treatment, the paintings. A definition of metallurgical and/or ceramic provinces or regions (shapes, techniques) is expected as well as a better understanding of the technological changes and transfers throughout time, and finally a delineation of the successive stages of the interrelations networks of the "Middle Asian Interaction Sphere". The interpretations of the advances of technologies and exchanges and their historical significance, intemally in this area, and extemally will be discussed and disseminated jointiy.