Spawning During Storms and the Subsequent Dispersal and Settlement of Coastal Invertebrate Larvae

这项研究将解决美国西海岸无脊椎动物产卵的四个问题：1)哪些近岸底栖无脊椎动物在冬天产卵？2)哪些条件与产卵事件有关？(初步数据使PI预测，大多数产卵将发生在大浪和沿海下流期间。)3)这些冬季产卵的幼虫在沿海海洋中的扩散模式是什么？4)远洋发育过程中海洋条件的变化如何影响幼虫到岸上的交付？位于库斯湾的俄勒冈海洋生物研究所海洋实验室的海水每天将从进水口取样。当取水口采集沿海海水样本时，在涨潮时抽水。早期幼虫阶段将通过遗传条形码进行识别，并将从实验室饲养的个体中开发出可视ID密钥。时间序列分析将用于测试海洋参数(例如，温度、盐度、Chl-a、风应力和波浪数据)对受精卵或胚胎突然出现所指示的产卵事件的影响。在产卵事件之后，沿海海洋巡航将跟踪幼虫的扩散和远洋发展，并将它们的分布与海岸水动力联系起来。利用每天从海水系统采集的样本和潮间带采样点的沉降物收集器，初级监测系统将监测近岸和潮间带后期幼虫的丰度。这些时间序列将与水文参数进行比较，以确定有利于在海岸附近水域维持幼虫和将幼虫运送到海岸的条件。PI将开发出这些幼虫发育阶段的可视钥匙，以便人们可以在显微镜下识别它们，并将通过互联网获得钥匙。作为项目的一部分，私人投资总监将招募四名本科生在严酷的冬季抽样期与他们一起工作。这些实习将被设计为具有教育性和变革性。学生将从俄勒冈大学海洋生物学专业的学生中招募，特别是那些正在攻读荣誉学位的学生，以及当地专科学校的海洋生物学学生。这项研究需要各种各样的工作，在复杂的、真实的科学调查中提供出色的培训。此外，PIS将指导学生进行他们自己设计的独立研究项目，并参加每周一次的研讨会，研讨会将涵盖研究的科学背景、研究方案、科学伦理、科学方法以及如何设计和执行科学研究。学生们将在西方博物学家协会的年度会议上以海报的形式展示他们的独立项目。

The study will address four questions concerning invertebrate spawning on the US West Coast: 1) Which nearshore benthic invertebrates spawn during winter? 2) What conditions are associated with spawning events? (Preliminary data lead the PIs to predict that most spawning will occur during periods of large waves and coastal downwelling.) 3) What is the pattern of dispersal of these winter-spawned larvae in the coastal ocean? 4) How do variations in ocean conditions during pelagic development affect delivery of larvae to the shore?Water will be sampled daily from the seawater intake for the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology marine laboratory in Coos Bay, OR. Water is pumped at high tide when the intake samples coastal ocean water. Early larval stages will be identified by genetic barcoding and a visual ID key will be developed from individuals raised in the lab. Time series analysis will be used to test for the effects of oceanographic parameters (e.g., temperature, salinity, Chl-a, wind stress, and wave data) on spawning events indicated by the sudden appearance of zygotes or embryos. Following a spawning event, oceanographic cruises in the coastal ocean will follow the dispersal and pelagic development of the larvae and relate their distribution to coastal hydrodynamics. Using daily samples from the seawater system and settlement collectors at intertidal sample sites, the PIs will monitor the abundance of late stage larvae in the near-shore and settlement in the intertidal zone. These time series will be compared to hydrographic parameters to identify conditions favoring the maintenance of larvae in the waters adjacent to the coast and the delivery of larvae to the shore.Broader Impacts: Larvae will be identified using genetics. The PIs will develop a visual key to the developmental stages of these larvae so that one can identify them under the microscope, and the key will be made available through the internet. As part of their project, the PIs will recruit four undergraduates to work with them during the intense winter sampling period. These internships will be designed to be educational and transformative. Students will be recruited from among University of Oregon Marine Biology majors, particularly those working toward an honors degree, and from marine biology students at the local junior college. The study requires a diversity of work providing excellent training in a complex, real-world scientific investigation. In addition, the PIs will mentor students as they pursue an independent study project of their own design and participate in a weekly seminar, which will cover the scientific background of the study, research protocols, ethics in science, the scientific method, and how to design and execute a scientific study. Students will present their independent projects as posters at the annual meeting of the Western Society of Naturalists.