Action's Effect on Perception

打得好的运动员描述了空间感知的扭曲：篮球圈看起来像呼啦圈一样大，高尔夫球洞像沙井一样大，棒球像葡萄柚一样大。这些主观的、轶事般的效应已经在实验中被证实为心理现实。然而，它们没有被当前的感知理论所解释，这些理论认为光学线索和有限的认知知识是感知的信息。在这些理论中，表现被认为会影响产生反应的后感知过程，而不是影响感知本身。这个建议的目的是确定一个更大的目标，当打得很好的经验反映了知觉或知觉后的效果，并表征的条件下，行动是最有可能或最不可能影响知觉。 影响知觉的行为相关因素，如表现，对我们理解知觉过程具有重要意义。特别是，它需要一个功能的方法，其中的感知提供的信息，是有益的规划行动。最终可以制定策略来利用或补偿个人如何体验环境的差异。这些策略可以提高技能表现，增强康复策略，并鼓励久坐不动的人更积极的行为。例如，如果一个目标被认为更近，一个老年人或肥胖的成年人可能更愿意走路，从而促进更健康的生活方式。

Athletes playing well describe distortions in spatial perception: basketball hoops appear as large as hula-hoops, golf holes as big as manholes, and baseballs as big as grapefruits. These subjective, anecdotal effects have been confirmed in experiments as psychological reality. However, they are not accounted for by current theories of perception, which consider optical cues and limited cognitive knowledge as the information for perception. In those theories, performance is thought to affect a post-perceptual process that generates the response rather than affecting perception itself. The aim of this proposal is to determine whether the experience of a larger target when playing well reflects a perceptual or a post-perceptual effect and to characterize the conditions under which action is most or least likely to influence perception. Action-related factors, such as performance, influencing perception has important implications for our understanding of the perceptual process. In particular, it requires a functional approach in which perception provides information that is beneficial for planning actions. Strategies could eventually be developed to exploit or compensate for differences in how individuals experience their environments. Such strategies could elevate skilled performance, enhance rehabilitative strategies, and encourage more active behaviors in sedentary individuals. For example, if a goal is experienced as closer, an elderly or obese adult might be more willing to walk, thereby promoting a healthier lifestyle.