CPS: Synergy: Collaborative Research: Distributed Asynchronous Algorithms and Software Systems for Wide-Area Monitoring of Power Systems

这项提议的目标是开发一个分布式算法框架，由高度容错的软件系统支持，用于使用海量同步相量数据执行北美电网的关键传输级操作。随着相量测量单元(PMU)的数量在未来4-5年内增加到数千个以上，目前最先进的广域测量系统(WAMS)的集中式通信和信息处理体系结构在这种数据爆炸下将不再可持续，需要开发一个完全分布式的网络物理体系结构。北美同步相器倡议(NASPI)目前正在通过NASPI-Net和Phasor Gateway开发新的通信和计算协议，以解决这一架构方面的问题。然而，到目前为止，很少有人注意到这种预想的分布式体系结构可能最关键的后果--分布式算法及其相关的中间件。因此，我们的主要任务将是开发并行计算方法来解决实时广域监测和控制问题，并对其稳定性、收敛和健壮性进行分析研究，然后使用我们在NC State的WAMS-RTDS试验台来实现和测试它们对外来恶意攻击的攻击。特别是，我们将解决三个关键的研究问题，即分布式广域振荡监测、暂态稳定评估和电压稳定监测。这项研究的智力优势将是通过与分布式计算和最优控制的集成，建立非常及时的PMU技术应用领域。它将说明如何将来自数值方法和分布式优化的先进思想结合到电力系统监测和控制应用中，以及如何通过容错计算来实现这些想法，以在面对灾难性的网络和物理干扰时保持电网稳定。该项目的更广泛影响将是提供急需的CPS工程应用，以推进新兴的PMU集成下一代智能电网的研究。研究成果将通过期刊出版物、北卡罗来纳州立大学和伊利诺伊大学乌尔巴纳香槟分校联合举办的研究生课程、会议教程和研讨会进行传播。将通过FREEDM系统中心促进少数族裔工程专业学生的本科研究，通过信息信任研究所(UIUC)和RENCI促进暑期实习，通过NCSU科学之家计划促进初中/高中学生的指导。

The objective of this proposal is to develop a distributed algorithmic framework, supported by a highly fault-tolerant software system, for executing critical transmission-level operations of the North American power grid using gigantic volumes of Synchrophasor data. As the number of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) increases to more than thousands in the next 4-5 years, it is rather intuitive that the current state-of-the-art centralized communication and information processing architecture of Wide-Area Measurement System (WAMS) will no longer be sustainable under such data-explosion, and a completely distributed cyber-physical architecture will need to be developed. The North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI) is currently addressing this architectural aspect by developing new communication and computing protocols through NASPI-net and Phasor Gateway. However, very little attention has been paid so far to perhaps the most critical consequence of this envisioned distributed architecture "namely", distributed algorithms, and their relevant middleware. Our primary task, therefore, will be to develop parallel computational methods for solving real-time wide-area monitoring and control problems with analytical investigation of their stability, convergence and robustness properties, followed by their implementation and testing against extraneous malicious attacks using our WAMS-RTDS testbed at NC State. In particular, we will address three critical research problems "namely" distributed wide-area oscillation monitoring, transient stability assessment, and voltage stability monitoring.The intellectual merit of this research will be in establishing an extremely timely application area of the PMU technology through its integration with distributed computing and optimal control. It will illustrate how ideas from advanced ideas from numerical methods and distributed optimization can be combined into power system monitoring and control applications, and how they can be implemented via fault-tolerant computing to maintain grid stability in face of catastrophic cyber and physical disturbances.The broader impact of this project will be in providing a much-needed application of CPS engineering to advance emerging research on PMU-integrated next-generation smart grids. Research results will be broadcast through journal publications, jointly organized graduate courses between NC State and University of Illinois Urbana Champagne, conference tutorials and workshops. Undergraduate research for minority engineering students will be promoted via the FREEDM Systems Center, summer internships via Information Trust Institute (UIUC) and RENCI, and middle/high-school student mentoring through the NCSU Science House program.