The Hydroclimate of Antarctica

南极大气水循环将淡水输入耦合到南大洋。海洋对流翻转（经向翻转环流）的强度及其对热量上涌的影响在很大程度上取决于这些淡水来源。了解水循环对于估计南大洋的海洋热量吸收以及确定为什么南极海冰在过去30年中扩大，特别是与北极不同，是至关重要的。水文循环反过来又与气候密切相关。通过一系列敏感性试验，了解了海冰对南冰洋的影响，并检验了改善模式偏差的方法。最终的整合将利用这些模式的改进，归因于南大洋和南极气候变化在过去的30年，该项目的进步，过去和未来的气候变化的温室气体浓度上升和臭氧消耗的理解。研究结果将为未来对南极冰量平衡和由此导致的全球海平面上升的预测提供信息。

The Antarctic atmospheric water cycle couples freshwater input to the Southern Ocean. The strength of ocean convective overturning (the meridonal overturning circulation) and its influence on the upwelling of heat is governed in large part by these freshwater sources. Understanding the water cycle is fundamental to estimating ocean heat uptake in the Southern Ocean and determining why Antarctic sea ice has expanded in the last ~30 years, notably different from the Arctic. The hydrologic cycle is in turn strongly coupled to the climate. Precipitation influences the albedo of sea ice, depending on whether it falls as snow or rain, and contributes freshwater to the Southern Ocean, while sea ice and sea surface temperature influence evaporation and atmospheric circulation and their association with moisture and heat transport to Antarctica.A series of sensitivity experiments are proposed to gain understanding of the system and test means of improving model biases. The ultimate integration will utilize these model improvements to attribute Southern Ocean and Antarctic climate change over the last ~30 yearsThe project advances understanding of past and future climate change from rising greenhouse gas concentrations and ozone depletion. The results will inform future projections of Antarctic ice mass balance and the resulting global sea level rise.